Cell

Cell(s) may refer to:

Science and technology

Cell (Japanese band)

Cell (セル) is a Japanese visual kei rock band, formed by Kon, from the band La'Mule and NightingeiL in May 2012.

Biography

Vocalist KON (ex.La'Mule), guitarists SIN and NAO (both ex. La'Mule), bassist YUKI came together and formed the band in April 2012. Composed with infinite styles and possibilities of the band, creating a new form, CELL launched had launched their activity.

Shortly after the band's formation, a series of One Man concerts had been held at the Ikebukuro EDGE. The band had released 3 maxi singles, 1 DVD single, and contributed to former X Japan guitarist hide's tribute album hide TRIBUTE -VISUAL STYLES II- covering the song "Hurry Go Round".

Since 2013, CELL has been boosted their activities internationally being invited as the special guest to one of Los Angeles's biggest Japanese Convention AX2013 and played the bands first U.S.A show. In 2014, Vocalist KON had appeared as a guest representing CELL at the LA VK Fest held in Downtown, Los Angeles, as well as holding a Livestream Q&A Session for fans in the States.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets are developed as computerized simulations of paper accounting worksheets. The program operates on data represented as cells of an array, organized in rows and columns. Each cell of the array may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells.

Spreadsheet users may adjust any stored value and observe the effects on calculated values. This makes the spreadsheet useful for "what-if" analysis since many cases can be rapidly investigated without manual recalculation. Modern spreadsheet software can have multiple interacting sheets, and can display data either as text and numerals, or in graphical form.

Besides performing basic arithmetic and mathematical functions, modern spreadsheets provide built-in functions for common financial and statistical operations. Such calculations as net present value or standard deviation can be applied to tabular data with a pre-programmed function in a formula. Spreadsheet programs also provide conditional expressions, functions to convert between text and numbers, and functions that operate on strings of text.

CD8

CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, but is specific for the class I MHC protein. There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene. In humans, both genes are located on chromosome 2 in position 2p12.

Tissue distribution

The CD8 co-receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on natural killer cells, cortical thymocytes, and dendritic cells. It is expressed in T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypo-pigmented mycosis fungoides.

Structure

To function, CD8 forms a dimer, consisting of a pair of CD8 chains. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8-α and CD8-β chain, both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like extracellular domain connected to the membrane by a thin stalk, and an intracellular tail. Less-common homodimers of the CD8-α chain are also expressed on some cells. The molecular weight of each CD8 chain is about 34 kDa. The structure of the CD8 molecule was determined by Leahy, D.J., Axel, R., and Hendrickson, W.A. by X-ray Diffraction at a 2.6A resolution. The structure was determined to have an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich folding and 114 amino acid residues. 2% of the protein is wound into α-helices and 46% into β-sheets, with the remaining 52% of the molecules remaining in the loop portions.