Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (the most notable being tetrachloromethane (also recognized by the IUPAC), carbon tet in the cleaning industry, Halon-104 in firefighting and Refrigerant-10 in HVACR), is an organic compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, and as a cleaning agent. It is a colourless liquid with a "sweet" smell that can be detected at low levels.
History and synthesis
Carbon tetrachloride was originally synthesized by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault in 1839 by the reaction of chloroform with chlorine, but now it is mainly produced from methane:
The production often utilizes by-products of other chlorination reactions, such as from the syntheses of dichloromethane and chloroform. Higher chlorocarbons are also subjected to "chlorinolysis":
Prior to the 1950s, carbon tetrachloride was manufactured by the chlorination of carbon disulfide at 105 to 130 °C:
CCL4
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as CCL4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.
Function
CCL4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors. It is a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and a variety of other immune cells.
CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells.
Perforin-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize MIP-1-beta.
Interactions
CCL4 has been shown to interact with CCL3.
