Manu Dibango
Manu Dibango in London in 2007
Background information
Birth name	Emmanuel N'Djoké Dibango
Born	(1933-12-12) 12 December 1933 (age 78) Douala, Cameroon
Genres	Afrofunk, afrobeat, jazz, makossa,[1] traditional
Occupations	Saxophonist and vibraphone player
Years active	1972–present
Website	www.manudibango.net

Emmanuel 'Manu' N'Djoké Dibango (born 12 December 1933) is a Cameroonian saxophonist and vibraphone player. He developed a musical style fusing jazz, funk and traditional Cameroonian music. He is a member of the Yabassi ethnic group, though his mother was a Duala. He is best known for his 1972 afrobeat single "Soul Makossa".

Biography [link]

Early life [link]

Dibango was born in Douala, Cameroon. His father, Michel Manfred N'Djoké Dibango^[2] was a civil servant. The son of a farmer, he met his wife travelling by pirogue to her residence, Douala.^[3] A literate woman, she was a fashion designer, running her own small business.^[4] Both her ethnicity, the Duala, and his, the Yabassi, viewed this union of different ethnic groups with some disdain.^[3] Emmanuel had no siblings, although he had a stepbrother from his father's previous marriage^[5] who was four years older than he was.^[6] In Cameroon, one's ethnicity is dictated by their fathers, though he wrote in his autobiography, Three Kilos of Coffee, that he has "never been able to identify completely with either of [his] parents."^[5]

Dibango's uncle was the leader of his extended family. Upon his death, Dibango's father refused to take over, as he never fully initiated his son into the Yabassi's customs. Throughout his childhood, Dibango slowly forgot the Yabassi language in favor of the Duala. However, his family did live in the Yabassi encampment on the Bassa plateau, close to the Wouri River in central Douala.^[5] While a child, Dibango attended Protestant church every night for religious education, or nkouaida. He enjoyed studying music there, and reportedly was a fast learner.^[4]

In 1941, after being educated at his village school,^[7] Dibango was accepted into a colonial school, near his home, where he learned French. He admired the teacher, whom he described as "an extraordinary draftsman and painter."^[8] In 1944, French president Charles de Gaulle chose this school to perform the welcoming ceremonies upon his arrival in Cameroon.^[9]

Career [link]

He was a member of the seminal Congolese rumba group African Jazz, and has collaborated with many other musicians, including Fania All Stars, Fela Kuti, Herbie Hancock, Bill Laswell, Bernie Worrell, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Don Cherry, and Sly and Robbie. In 1998 he recorded the album CubAfrica with Cuban artist Eliades Ochoa.

The song "Soul Makossa" on the record of the same name contains the lyrics "makossa", which means "(I) dance" in his native tongue, the Cameroonian language, Duala). It has influenced several popular music hits, including Michael Jackson's "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'", as well as his re-recording of that song with Akon, the Fugees' "Cowboys", and Rihanna's "Don't Stop the Music". The 1982 parody song "Boogie In Your Butt" by comedian Eddie Murphy interpolates Soul Makossa's bassline and horn charts while "Butt Naked Booty Bless" by 1990s hip hop group Poor Righteous Teachers heavily samples its musical bridge and drum patterns.

He served as the first chairman of the Cameroon Music Corporation, with a high profile in disputes about artists' royalties. Dibango was appointed a UNESCO Artist for Peace in 2004.^[10][11]

His song "Reggae Makossa" is featured on the soundtrack to the 2006 video game Scarface: The World Is Yours. In August 2009 he played the closing concert at the revived Brecon Jazz Festival.

Discography [link]

• Soul Makossa (1972) Fiesta Records
• O Boso (1973) London/PolyGram Records
• Africadelic (1973)
• Makossa Man (1974) Atlantic Records
• Makossa Music (1975) Creole Records, licensed from Société Française du Son (France)
• Manu 76 (1976) Decca/PolyGram Records
• Super Kumba (1976) Decca/PolyGram Records
• The World of Manu Dibango (1976) Decca Records
• Ceddo O.S.T (1977) Fiesta Records
• A l'Olympia (1978) Fiesta Records
• Afrovision (1978) Mango/Island/PolyGram Records
• Sun Explosion (1978) Decca/PolyGram Records
• Gone Clear (1980) Mango/Island/PolyGram Records
• Ambassador (1981) Mango/Island/PolyGram Records
• Waka Juju (1982) Polydor/PolyGram Records
• Mboa (1982) Sonodisc/Afrovision
• Electric Africa (1985) Celluloid
• Afrijazzy (1986)
• Deliverance (1989) Afro Rhythmes
• Happy Feeling (1989) Stern's
• Rasta Souvenir (1989) Disque Esperance
• Polysonik (1992)
• Live '91 (1994) Stern's Music
• Wakafrika (1994) Giant/Warner Bros. Records
• African Soul - The Very Best Of (1997) Mercury
• CubAfrica (with Eliades Ochoa) (1998)
• Mboa' Su - Kamer Feelin' (1999)
• Lion of Africa (2007)
• African Woodoo (2008) from tracks recorded between 1971 and 1975 for cinema, TV, and advertising.
• Past Present Future (2011) features "Soul Makossa 2.0" with vocals performed by Wayne Beckford

References [link]

Sources [link]

• Dibango, Manu; Rouard, Danielle; Raps, Beth G (1994), Three Kilos of Coffee: An Autobiography, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-14491-7, OCLC 29519086, https://books.google.com/?id=VNt1YBD1GbEC 

External links [link]

• "Manu Dibango" World Music Legends