Combustion
Combustion /kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/ or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion in a fire produces a flame, and the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. Combustion is often a complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions. Solid fuels, such as wood, first undergo endothermic pyrolysis to produce gaseous fuels whose combustion then supplies the heat required to produce more of them. Combustion is often hot enough that light in the form of either glowing or a flame is produced. A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor, a reaction commonly used to fuel rocket engines. This reaction releases 242 kJ/mol of heat and reduces the enthalpy accordingly (at constant temperature and pressure):
Combustion of an organic fuel in air is always exothermic because the double bond in O2 is much weaker than other double bonds or pairs of single bonds, and therefore the formation of the stronger bonds in the combustion products CO2 and H2O results in the release of energy. The bond energies in the fuel play only a minor role, since they are similar to those in the combustion products; e.g., the sum of the bond energies of CH4 is nearly the same as that of CO2. The heat of combustion is approximately -418 kJ per mole of O2 used up in the combustion reaction, and can be estimated from the elemental composition of the fuel.
The Belle Stars (album)
The Belle Stars is the only studio album by the all-female band of the same name released in 1983 (see 1983 in music). The band's eponymous debut album reached number 15 on the UK Albums Chart. The Belle Stars had some success with their single "Iko Iko", a cover of The Dixie Cups' 1965 hit. It charted at number 35 in June 1982 on the UK Singles Chart. Seven years later the song became a hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart after it was featured in the movie Rain Man, where it peaked at number 14.
Track listing
All songs by The Belle Stars unless noted.
Burning (Accept song)
"Burning" is a song by German heavy metal band Accept, from their album Breaker, released in 1981. Written and composed by Wolf Hoffmann, Peter Baltes, Jörg Fischer, Stefan Kaufmann and Udo Dirkschneider, it was also released as a single with "Down and Out" as the B-side. Two other songs on the Breaker album ("Breaker" and "Starlight") were also released as singles in 1981.
The original recording of "Burning" is notable for a fake live performance; it was recorded with crowd noise mixed in instead of being recorded at a concert. "Burning" appears on eight of Accept compilation albums: Restless The Best (1982), Best of... (1983), Midnight Highway (1983), Hungry Years (1985), The Collection (1991), Steel Glove (1995), Sharkbite – Best Of (2005) and The Accept Collection (2010).
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Elixir
An elixir (from Arabic: الإكسير - al-'iksīr) is a clear, sweet-flavored liquid used for medicinal purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's ills. When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, an elixir contains at least one active ingredient designed to be taken orally.
Types
Non-medicated elixirs
They are used as solvents or vehicles for the preparation of medicated elixirs: aromatic elixirs (USP), isoalcoholic elixirs (NF), or compound benzaldehyde elixirs (NF). Active ingredient dissolved in a solution that contains 15 to 50% by volume of ethyl alcohol.
Medicated elixirs
Elixir (Duff novel)
Elixir is the debut young adult novel co-written by American entertainer Hilary Duff with Elise Allen. It was available at booksellers on October 12, 2010. It is the first in a series of books that Duff became committed to write. Elise Allen collaborated on the first book with Duff, and became committed to work jointly with her on the others. The book is now a New York Times Best Seller.
Plot
Clea Raymond is a talented photojournalist and the daughter of high-profile parents. Usually she’s in total control of her camera, but after Clea’s father disappears while on a humanitarian mission, eerie, shadowy images of a strange and handsome young man begin to appear in Clea’s photos—a man she has never seen in her life.
When Clea suddenly encounters this man in person she is stunned—and feels an immediate and powerful connection. As they grow closer, they are drawn deep into the mystery behind her father’s disappearance and discover the centuries-old truth behind their intense bond. Torn by a dangerous love triangle and haunted by a powerful secret that holds their fate, together they race against time to unravel their past in order to save their future—and their lives.
Elixir (album)
Elixir is the third studio album by Fourplay, released in 1995. Among the guest vocalists on this album are Phil Collins, Patti Austin and Peabo Bryson.
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