Pentagram

A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line". The word "pentacle" is sometimes used synonymously with "pentagram" The word pentalpha is a learned modern (17th-century) revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.

Geometry

The pentagram is the simplest regular star polygon. The pentagram contains ten points (the five points of the star, and the five vertices of the inner pentagon) and fifteen line segments. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol {5/2}. Like a regular pentagon, and a regular pentagon with a pentagram constructed inside it, the regular pentagram has as its symmetry group the dihedral group of order 10.

Construction

The pentagram can be constructed by connecting alternate vertices of a pentagon; see details of the construction. It can also be constructed as a stellation of a pentagon, by extending the edges of a pentagon until the lines intersect.

Pentagram (design studio)

Pentagram is a design studio that was founded in 1972 by Alan Fletcher, Theo Crosby, Colin Forbes, Kenneth Grange, and Mervyn Kurlansky in Needham Road, West London, UK. They now have offices in London, New York, San Francisco, Austin and Berlin.

History

Pentagram was founded on the premise of collaborative interdisciplinary designers working together in an independently owned firm of equals. Theo Crosby claimed the structure was suggested to him by his experience of working on the seminal late-1950s exhibition This is Tomorrow: "it was my first experience at a loose, horizontal organisation of equals. We have brought it ... to a kind of practical and efficient reality at Pentagram". The firm currently comprises 19 partner-designers in 5 cities, each managing a team of designers and sharing in common overhead and staff resources. The partners in each office share incomes equally and all the partners own an equal portion of the total firm. This equality, along with the tradition of periodically inviting new members to join, renews the firm while giving even the newest members an equal footing with the partners of long standing. This 'flat' organization (there are no executive officers, CEO, CFO or board, other than the entire group) along with the self-capitalized finances of the business, allows equal participation and control of the group's destiny by the members.

Pentagram (disambiguation)

A pentagram is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes.

Pentagram may also refer to:

Gamma ray

Gamma radiation (sometimes called gamma ray), denoted by the lower-case Greek letter gamma (γ), is extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and therefore consists of high-energy photons. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation gamma rays. Rutherford had previously discovered two other types of radioactive decay, which he named alpha and beta rays.

Gamma rays are ionizing radiation, and are thus biologically hazardous. Decay of an atomic nucleus from a high energy state to a lower energy state, a process called gamma decay, produces gamma radiation. This is what Villard had observed.

Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include gamma decay of radionuclides and secondary radiation from atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles. Rare terrestrial natural sources produce gamma rays that are not of a nuclear origin, such as lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Additionally, gamma rays are produced by a number of astronomical processes in which very high-energy electrons are produced, that in turn cause secondary gamma rays via bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton scattering, and synchrotron radiation. However, a large fraction of such astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere and can only be detected by spacecraft. Gamma rays are produced by nuclear fusion in stars including the Sun (such as the CNO cycle), but are absorbed or inelastically scattered by the stellar material before escaping and are not observable from Earth.

2015 Tampa Bay Rays season

The Tampa Bay Rays 2015 season was the Rays' 18th season of Major League Baseball and the eighth as the "Rays" (all at Tropicana Field)

Offseason

November 3rd: Designated Vince Belome and Jerry Sands for assignment.

November 4th: Signed Eduar Quinonez to a minor league contract.

November 5th: Traded Cesar Ramos to the Los Angeles Angels for Mark Sappington.

November 14th: Traded Jeremy Hellickson to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Andrew Velazquez and Justin Williams.

November 20th: Traded Adam Liberatore and Joel Peralta to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Greg Harris and Jose Dominguez, promoted 5 players from the minors, invited 2 players to Spring Training, and designated Michael Kohn for assignment.

November 24th: Released Jose Molina and Cole Figeuroa.

November 25th: Signed Marlon Constante to a minor league contract.

November 26th: Signed Ernesto Frieri and Thomas Lebron (minor league contract).

December 1st: Traded Sean Rodriguez to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Buddy Bordon and cash.

Burning (Maria Arredondo song)

"Burning" is the second single released from Maria Arredondo's album Not Going Under. It was released in September 2004 and was the second Arredondo single to become a video.

Track listing

Norwegian radio single

Lyrics

Passion is sweet
Love makes weak
You said you cherished freedom so
You refused to let it go

Follow your faith
Love and hate
never failed to seize the day
Don't give yourself away

Oh when the night falls
And your all alone
In your deepest sleep
What are you dreaming of

My skin's still burning from your touch
Oh I just can't get enough
I said I wouldn't ask for much
But your eyes are dangerous
So the thought keeps spinning in my head
Can we drop this masquerade
I can't predict where it ends
If you're the rock I'll crush against

Trapped in a crowd
Music's loud
I said I loved my freedom too
Now im not so sure i do

All eyes on you
Wings so true
Better quit while your ahead
Now I'm not so sure i am

Oh when the night falls
And your all alone
In your deepest sleep
What are you dreaming of

My skin's still burning from your touch
Oh I just can't get enough
I said I wouldn't ask for much
But your eyes are dangerous
So the thought keeps spinning in my head
Can we drop this masquerade
I can't predict where it ends
If you're the rock I'll crush against

My soul, my heart
If your near or if your far
My life, my love
You can have it all

Oh when the night falls
And your all alone
In your deepest sleep
What are you dreaming of

My skin's still burning from your touch
Oh I just can't get enough
I said I wouldn't ask for much
But your eyes are dangerous
So the thought keeps spinning in my head
Can we drop this masquerade
I can't predict where it ends
If you're the rock I'll crush against

If you're the rock I'll crush against

Combustion

Combustion /kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/ or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion in a fire produces a flame, and the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. Combustion is often a complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions. Solid fuels, such as wood, first undergo endothermic pyrolysis to produce gaseous fuels whose combustion then supplies the heat required to produce more of them. Combustion is often hot enough that light in the form of either glowing or a flame is produced. A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor, a reaction commonly used to fuel rocket engines. This reaction releases 242 kJ/mol of heat and reduces the enthalpy accordingly (at constant temperature and pressure):

Combustion of an organic fuel in air is always exothermic because the double bond in O₂ is much weaker than other double bonds or pairs of single bonds, and therefore the formation of the stronger bonds in the combustion products CO₂ and H₂O results in the release of energy. The bond energies in the fuel play only a minor role, since they are similar to those in the combustion products; e.g., the sum of the bond energies of CH₄ is nearly the same as that of CO₂. The heat of combustion is approximately -418 kJ per mole of O₂ used up in the combustion reaction, and can be estimated from the elemental composition of the fuel.