Téoulier

Téoulier is a red French wine grape variety found in south east France. Ampelographers speculate that the grape may have originated around Provençal town of Manosque due the town's close association with several synonyms of the variety. For most of the 20th century, plantings of Téoulier have steadily declined and today is rarely found.

There is also a white mutation of the variety known as Téoulier blanc.

Wine regions

Téoulier is a permitted variety in the red and rosé wines of the Palette AOC where it is known as Manosquin. Here it is primarily blended with Grenache, Mourvedre and Cinsault which collectively must make up at least 80% of the wine. Manosquin is permitted up to a maximum of 20% as a minor component along with Syrah, Carignan Castets, Muscat noir and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Synonyms

Among the synonyms that Téoulier has been known as over the years include: Brun, Grand Téoulier, Gros Teoulier, Manosquen, Manosquin, Petit Téoulier, Petit Thuilier, Petit Thulier, Plant de Manosque, Plant de Porto, Plant Dufour, Taurier, Teinturier Téoulier, Thuillier, Teoulie, Teoulier, Thuilier, Thuillier Noir and Trouillère.

Brun

Brun may refer to the following:

Place name

Organizations

Other uses

See also

Bruun

Bruun is a surname of North Germanic origin. The meaning is brown (brun in Danish, Swedish and Norwegian). In Denmark, the name is known to have been in use since the 13th century in the form Bruun. Other spelling variants are Bruhn and Brun. Today, c. 0.1% of the population carries Bruun as their surname or middle name. The name is also in use in Norway (c. 0.02% of the population), the Faroe Islands and the other Nordic Countries (even less frequent).

In the Danish translation of Peanuts, Charlie Brown is called Søren Brun.

Abundance

As of 2007, the numbers of bearers of the surnames Bruun, Bruhn and Brun in the Nordic Countries are:

The infrequent occurrences of Bruun as a surname outside Scandinavia, mainly Germany, Great Britain, Canada and the U.S., is due to immigration from the Nordic Countries; in Germany possibly as a variation over the given name Bruno.

Notable people

Persons with Bruun as their surname

Bruno, Duke of Saxony

Bruno, Brun, or Braun (died 2 February 880) was Duke of Saxony from 866 to his death. He was the eldest son of the Saxon count Liudolf and his wife, Oda of Billung. Bruno is rated as the progenitor of the Brunonen noble family, a branch of the Ottonian dynasty. However some mentions appear to refer to an earlier Saxon margrave Brun the Younger, possibly a grandfather, but this is unclear.

While his father is described as dux orientalis Saxonum, i.e. leader in East Saxony (Eastphalia), it is possible that Bruno, according to the Res gestae saxonicae by chronicler Widukind of Corvey, was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony. The rise of his family is documented by the fact that Bruno's sister Liutgard in 874 married Louis the Younger, son of King Louis the German, whereafter he is called ducem et fratrem reinæ, "duke and the queen's brother".

He died, along with several other Saxon noblemen, in a battle against Norsemen warriors (probably Danes of the Great Heathen Army defeated by King Alfred the Great) on 2 February 880. The battle at Ebstorf near Lüneburg was a crushing defeat and Duke Bruno, the bishops of Minden and Hildesheim, as well as twelve Saxon counts were killed. According to the chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river, which probably took place during the battle or a retreat. He was succeeded by his younger brother Otto the Illustrious.

Grape

A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody vines of the botanical genus Vitis.

Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.

History

The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East.Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC. By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.

Shades of violet

There are numerous variations of the color violet, a sampling of which are shown below.

Variations of the color violet

Variations of spectral violet

Although pure spectrum violet is outside the color gamut of the RGB color space, the three colors displayed below are rough approximations of the range of colors of actual spectral violet, although the accuracy of the approximation can vary depending on the individual's color vision, and on the color rendition of one's computer monitor.

Color wheel violet

The tertiary color on the HSV color wheel (also known as the RGB color wheel) precisely halfway between blue and magenta is called color wheel violet. This tone of violet—an approximation of the color violet at about 417 nanometers as plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram—is shown at right. This tone of violet is actually somewhat toward indigo assuming indigo is accepted as a separate spectrum color, usually quoted as having a range of from about 420 to 450 nanometers. Another name for this color is near violet.

Grape (disambiguation)

A grape is a fruit that grows on the vines of plants in the genus Vitis.

Grape may also refer to:

See also