Breadwinner model

The breadwinner model is a paradigm of family centered on a breadwinner, "the member of a family who earns the money to support the others". In heterosexual relationships, the breadwinner is most often the male, with the model being consistent with patriarchical family norms. The earner works outside the home to provide the family with income and benefits such as health insurance. The non-earner usually stays at home and takes care of children and the elderly. Since the 1950s, social scientists and feminist theorists have increasingly criticized the gendered division of work and care and the expectation that the breadwinner role should be fulfilled by men. Norwegian government policy has increasingly targeted men as fathers, as a tool of changing gender relations. In 2014 the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 30.8% of heterosexual couples with children under 18 had a man as the sole breadwinner. 5.6% of families had a woman as the sole breadwinner. The percentage of families with female breadwinners has been declining since the end of the recession.

The Breadwinner (novel)

The Breadwinner also known as Parvana is a children's novel by Deborah Ellis, first published in 2000. As of October 2013, the English-language edition of the book has had a run of 39 editions. The title of the book refers to the role of the protagonist, 11-year-old Parvana, who is forced by circumstances to be the breadwinner for her family in a war-torn Taliban-era in Afghanistan.

For her research, the author spent several months interviewing women and girls in refugee camps in Pakistan, and used these interviews as the basis of her depiction of life in Afghanistan. The book has received several literary awards, including the Peter Pan Prize and the Middle East Book Award in 2002.

Plot

Parvana lives in Kabul, Afghanistan with her mother, her father, her older sister Nooria and two younger siblings, Maryam and Ali. Soon after the novel starts, Taliban soldiers come into her house and arrest her father for not having an Afghan education, instead going to university in a different country. Parvana and her mother go to the jail nearby to see if her father was taken there, but the guards are unhelpful. Soon after her mother becomes depressed and will not move. The family starts rich and then ends out to be poor because her dad lost his job as a banks man, and so cannot go outside.

Breadwinner (band)

Breadwinner was a math rock-band based in Richmond, Virginia composed of: Pen Rollings (guitar), Robert Donne (bass), and Chris Farmer (drums). Rollings had previously been a member of hardcore punk outfit Honor Role. Merge Records released two 7-inch singles and one full-length CD, Burner (1994), comprising the two out of print singles and 3 unreleased tracks, after the band had broken up. The group has been called "the consummate math band" and are one of the key bands in the early history of math rock. The group has been called an influence on Battles and Lamb of God.

Guitarist Rollings later formed the band Loincloth.

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