Vine training

The use of vine training systems in viticulture is aimed primarily to assist in canopy management with finding the balance in enough foliage to facilitate photosynthesis without excessive shading that could impede grape ripening or promote grape diseases. Additional benefits of utilizing particular training systems could be to control potential yields and to facilitate mechanization of certain vineyard tasks such as pruning, irrigation, applying pesticide or fertilizing sprays as well as harvesting the grapes. In deciding on what type of vine training system to use, growers will also consider the climate conditions of the vineyard where the amount of sunlight, humidity and wind could have a large impact on the exact benefits the training system offers. For instance, while having a large spread out canopy (such as what the Geneva Double Curtain offers) can promote a favorable leaf to fruit ratio for photosynthesis, it offers very little wind protection. In places such as the Châteauneuf-du-Pape, strong prevailing winds such as le mistral can take the fruit right off the vine so a more condensed, protective vine training system is desirable for vineyards there.

Trellis (graph)

A trellis is a graph whose nodes are ordered into vertical slices (time), and with each node at each time connected to at least one node at an earlier and at least one node at a later time. The earliest and latest times in the trellis have only one node.

Trellises are used in encoders and decoders for communication theory and encryption. They are also the central datatype used in Baum–Welch algorithm for Hidden Markov Models.

See also

Aaron's Party (Come Get It)

Aaron's Party (Come Get It) is American pop singer Aaron Carter's second studio album serving as the follow-up to his international debut album. This album was released in the fall of 2000 becoming the first album under Jive Records. This album was also certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA for selling over 3 million copies in the United States making it Aaron's most successful album. The lead single "Aaron's Party (Come Get It)" was featured on the 2000 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 5.

Track listing

Bounce (Sarah Connor song)

"Bounce" is a song by German recording artist Sarah Connor, taken from her second studio album, Unbelievable (2002). Written by Bülent Aris, Toni Cottura, and Anthony Freeman, with production helmed by the former, the uptempo pop song samples Mary J. Blige's 2001 song "Family Affair", while featuring guest vocals by Wyclef Jean. "Bounce" was originally released as the album's fourth and final single in Central Europe on 21 July 2003, amid Connor's first pregnancy. It reached the top twenty in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Walloon Region of Belgium.

In winter 2003 radio programmers Tod Tucker and Matt "the bratt" Derrick at 106.9 K-HITS in Tulsa, Oklahoma took hold of a copy of the single and began to give it airplay. Due to large amounts of airplay in the United States, the song reached number eleven on Billboard's Top 40 Mainstream and number twenty-one on Top 40 Tracks charts, eventually charting on the Billboard Hot 100 at number fifty-four. "Bounce" was officially given a physical US release on 4 May 2004, serving as Connor's debut single there. It was also released in Australia and the United Kingdom, where it reached number 14 on both charts. The radio version of the song was featured on the 2004 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 15.

Bounce (golf)

In golf, bounce or bounce angle is the angle inscribed by the leading edge of a golfing iron (particularly a wedge), the sole of the club, and the ground. In plainer terms, bounce angle is an indication of how much the sole, or bottom-most part, of the club head lifts the leading edge. A high bounce angle (angles of 12–15° are not uncommon) indicates a sole which lifts the leading edge significantly, whereas a club with little or no bounce allows the leading edge to contact the ground without interference.

The purpose of introducing bounce into club head design is to control how easily wedges, with their steep angles of attack, penetrate the ground under the ball. A low- or zero-bounce club has a streamlined profile, and the sharp leading edge of the club will tend to cut into the ground readily. When this is undesirable, the use of a club with more bounce will cause the sole of the club to impact first, keeping the wedge from digging into the surface by causing it to "bounce" across the surface instead.