Bossa nova is a genre of Brazilian music, which developed and was popularized in the 1950s and '60s and is today one of the best-known Brazilian music genres abroad. The phrase bossa nova means literally "new trend" (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɔsɐ ˈnɔvɐ]). A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz, bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially among young musicians and college students.
In Brazil, the word "bossa" is old-fashioned slang for something that is done with particular charm, natural flair or innate ability. As early as 1932, Noel Rosa used the word in a samba:
The exact origin of the term "bossa nova" still remains uncertain. Within the artistic beach culture of the late 1950s in Rio de Janeiro, the term "bossa" was used to refer to any new "trend" or "fashionable wave". In his book Bossa Nova, Brazilian author Ruy Castro asserts that "bossa" was already in use in the 1950s by musicians as a word to characterize someone's knack for playing or singing idiosyncratically. Castro claims that the term "bossa nova" might have first been used in public for a concert given in 1958 by the Grupo Universitário Hebraico do Brasil (University Hebrew Group of Brazil). This group consisted of Sylvinha Telles, Carlinhos Lyra, Nara Leão, Luizinho Eça, Roberto Menescal, et al. In 1959, Nara Leão also participated in more than one embryonic display of bossa nova. This included the 1st Festival de Samba Session, conducted by the PUC's (Pontifícia Universidade Católica) student union. This session was then chaired by Carlos Diegues, a law student that Leão ultimately married.
Bossa is a Turkish textile corporation. 32% of the company's capital is traded on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. 90,91% of the total amount of shares are owned by the company Akkardan Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
Bossa has three manufacturing facilities, offering denim and other formal and casual fabrics, with an annual total production capacity of 84.5 million meters in spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing. Bossa Ticaret ve Sanayi İşletmeleri was founded in 1951 in the city of Adana as a partnership between the Sabancı and Bosnalı families, hence the name Bossa. The first operation was a flour mill but they quickly moved into printing and producing textiles. By 1986 they had two textile plants, a yarn factory in the city of Kahramanmaraş, a denim factory, and have since expanded to five plants including one dedicated to producing shirt material. In 2008 Sabancı Holding transferred ownership of Bossa to the Akkardan Group.
David Pope Anderson (born 1955) is an American research scientist at the Space Sciences Laboratory, at the University of California, Berkeley, and an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of Houston. Anderson leads the SETI@home, BOINC, Bossa and Bolt software projects.
Anderson received a BA in Mathematics from Wesleyan University, and MS and PhD degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. While in graduate school he published four research papers in computer graphics. His PhD research involved using enhanced attribute grammars to specify and implement communication protocols.
From 1985 to 1992 he was an Assistant Professor in the UC Berkeley Computer Science Department, where he received the NSF Presidential Young Investigator and IBM Faculty Development awards. During this period he conducted several research projects:
The standing invitation to the back of beyond
Beyond which no man dares tread
They do the bossa nova in Wilmington and Dover
In clover, over your head
Saddle your cow
We're leavin' right now
Take off your skin
Or we'll never get in
The drummer's name is Jerry
The singer she is Sherry
The trumpet man is called something Dutch
The vibraphone is shimmer
The room is getting dimmer
A glimmer, a touch too much
The gang is all here
They're drowning in beer
Pull up a chair
Or just lay on the stairs
It's getting faster
It's getting tighter
It's getting easy
Downtown tonight
The bartender is tender
Hey big spender, can't you lend me a dollar or two?
And ain't that Maureen by the cigarette machine
And ain't that Hortence, too
Breathe in the smoke
Laugh at this joke
You'll have to shout
If you want to get out
It's getting faster
It's getting tight
It's getting easy
Downtown tonight