Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize, according to 2012 FAOSTAT data.

Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.

Wild rice, from which the crop was developed, may have its native range in Australia. Chinese legends attribute the domestication of rice to Shennong, the legendary emperor of China and inventor of Chinese agriculture. Genetic evidence has shown that rice originates from a single domestication 8,200–13,500 years ago in the Pearl River valley region of China. Previously, archaeological evidence had suggested that rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River valley region in China.

Rice wine

Rice wine, also known as mijiu, is an eastern alcoholic beverage made from rice, originally from China. Unlike European wine, which is made by fermentation of naturally occurring sugars in sweet grapes and other fruit, rice wine is made from the fermentation of rice starch that has been converted to sugars. The process is somewhat similar to the mashing process used in beer and whiskey production but differs in the source of the enzymes that convert starch to sugars. In rice and other cereal wines, microbes are the source of the enzymes whereas beer, ale and whiskey production utilizes the enzymes naturally occurring in sprouted barley.

Rice (novel)

Rice is a novel by Chinese author Su Tong.

Plot

The story is based during the flood days in 1930s in China, when people immigrated from the countryside to the urban areas in search of work. This is also a story about Five Dragons, a poor but haughty country boy, chancing his fortune in the city and the humiliation he faces as soon as he reaches the city.

He is a typical man hungry for wealth but with an insatiable thirst for pleasure, especially sex. His master has two daughters, "Cloud Weave" and "Cloud Silk". Cloud Weave is very much like Five Dragons, and shares his sexual appetite. She is a mistress to a local mafia.

Five Dragons marries her and inherits the property of his master: his rice emporium and his whole business. But men tire easily of their playthings, particularly in this wayward family. Fidelity is an unrecognised term for them.

This story also shows how infidelity passes from one generation to another in this family.

Bomba

Bomba may refer to:

Places

Music

Other uses

See also

Bomba (tribe)

The Bomba , also spelled as Bambas, are a powerful tribe of Muzaffarabad District in Azad Kashmir Pakistan. They are also found in the Mansehra District of the North West Frontier Province (now Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan.Kupawara District of Indian Held Kashmir.

History and origin

The Bombas/Bambas style themselves as 'Sultans', and some claim origins from the Quraysh Arab tribe, and say the name Bomba is a corruption of Bani-Hashim, and they are descendants of Ali, son in law of Muhammad. Others state that they are of indigenous hill Rajput origins. In the past Bombas ruled the Jhelum valley and had a close alliance and kinship with the Khakha Rajput tribe who also inhabited the same area. The success of this alliance, earned them a warlike and refractory reputation, as jointly they fought the early Mughal rule of Akbar and later resisted the Sikhs.

Sultan Muzaffar Khan Bomba established the city of Muzaffarabad in present day Azad Kashmir. Sultan Sher Ahmed Khan Bomba was the last Bomba ruler, who was defeated by the Dogra ruler Maharaja Rambir Singh at Panzgam, Kupwara (Keran-Karnah) in current day Indian Kashmir during the early 19th century. Kupwara Keran Bomba Tribe consist of prominent Heads like Sofi Khan-Sheermar Khan-Feroz Khan-Zabardast Khan-Zakeria Khan. Before partition of State Jammu & Kashmir the state was ruled by Bombas and have their empire at many parts of the state like Khori,Majhoi,Lawasi,etc.

Bomba (cryptography)

The bomba, or bomba kryptologiczna (Polish for "bomb" or "cryptologic bomb") was a special-purpose machine designed about October 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski to break German Enigma-machine ciphers.

History

The German Enigma used a combination key to control the operation of the machine: rotor order, which rotors to install, which ring setting for each rotor, which initial setting for each rotor, and the settings of the stecker plugboard. The rotor settings were trigrams (for example, "NJR") to indicate the way the operator was to set the machine. German Enigma operators were issued lists of these keys, one key for each day. For added security, however, each individual message was encrypted using an additional key modification. The operator randomly selected a trigram rotor setting for each message (for example, "PDN"). This message key would be typed twice ("PDNPDN") and encrypted, using the daily key (all the rest of those settings). At this point each operator would reset his machine to the message key, which would then be used for the rest of the message. Because the configuration of the Enigma's rotor set changed with each depression of a key, the repetition would not be obvious in the ciphertext since the same plaintext letters would encrypt to different ciphertext letters. (For example, "PDNPDN" might become "ZRSJVL.")