Black September

Black September may refer to:

  • Black September in Jordan, the 1970-1971 Jordanian Civil War
  • Black September (group), a Palestinian terrorist organization, named after the war, responsible for the Munich massacre during the 1972 Summer Olympics
  • Black September (comics), a reboot of Malibu Comics' Ultraverse imprint after the company was bought by Marvel
  • Black September Organization

    The Black September Organization (BSO) (Arabic: منظمة أيلول الأسود, Munaẓẓamat Aylūl al-aswad) was a Palestinian terrorist organization founded in 1970. It was responsible for the fatal kidnapping and murder of eleven Israeli athletes and officials, and the fatal shooting of a West German policeman, during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, their most publicized event. These events led to the creation of permanent, professional, and military-trained counter-terrorism forces of major European countries, like GSG9 and GIGN, and the reorganization and specialization of already standing units like the Special Air Service of the UK.

    Origin

    The group's name is derived from the Black September conflict which began on 16 September 1970, when King Hussein of Jordan declared military rule in response to a fedayeen coup d’état to seize his kingdom  — resulting in the deaths or expulsion of thousands of Palestinians from Jordan. The BSO began as a small cell of Fatah men determined to take revenge upon King Hussein and the Jordanian army. Recruits from the PFLP, as-Sa'iqa, and other groups also joined.

    Black September in Jordan

    The term Black September (Arabic: أيلول الأسود; aylūl al-aswad) refers to the Jordanian Civil War that began in September 1970 and ended in July of 1971. The conflict was fought between the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, and the Jordanian Armed Forces, under the leadership of King Hussein. The civil war determined if Jordan would be ruled by the Palestine Liberation Organisation or the Hashemite monarchy. The war resulted in the deaths of thousands of people, the vast majority Palestinian. Armed conflict ended with the expulsion of the PLO leadership and thousands of Palestinian fighters to Lebanon.

    Background

    Palestinians in Jordan

    The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in late 1947 led to civil war, the end of Mandatory Palestine, and the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. With nationhood, the ongoing civil war was transformed into a state conflict between Israel and the Arab states. Egypt, Jordan and Syria, together with expeditionary forces from Iraq, invaded Israel. They took control of the Arab areas, and immediately attacked Israeli forces and several Jewish settlements. The fighting was halted with the UN-mediated 1949 Armistice Agreements, but the remaining areas of Palestine came under the control of Egypt and Transjordan. In 1949, Transjordan officially changed its name to Jordan; in 1950, it annexed the West Bank of the Jordan River, and brought Palestinian representation into the government. In Egyptian dominated Gaza Strip, there was an attempt to establish the All-Palestine Government in September 1948, partially recognized by the Arab League (except Transjordan), but its authority was limited, and it was effectively abolished by Nasser in 1959.

    Podcasts:

    PLAYLIST TIME:

    Black September

    by: Dead Moon

    The angry moon of August hung
    As I wrapped myself in you
    The winds of war had cut into
    As I tried to fight the truth
    And in that time I lost my youth
    And now I bear the scars
    With black September comin' on
    You know you won't get far
    Destruction lay before my eyes
    In a generation beat
    We seemed to be too high to see
    What was dying in the street
    We thought we'd change the world back then
    Without becoming hard
    With black September comin' on
    You know you won't get far
    We thought back then we'd be there now
    How could I know what waits for me
    How could I be so cruel
    To know the best of days gone by
    And the something I would lose
    I watch the tides of summer fade
    In memories 'neath the dark
    With black September comin' on




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