Measuring network throughput

Throughput of a network can be measured using various tools available on different platforms. This page explains the theory behind what these tools set out to measure and the issues regarding these measurements.

Reasons for measuring throughput in networks. People are often concerned about measuring the maximum data throughput in bits per second of a communications link or network access. A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or copy of the file. The throughput is then calculated by dividing the file size by the time to get the throughput in megabits, kilobits, or bits per second.

Unfortunately, the results of such an exercise will often result in the goodput which is less than the maximum theoretical data throughput, leading to people believing that their communications link is not operating correctly. In fact, there are many overheads accounted for in throughput in addition to transmission overheads, including latency, TCP Receive Window size and system limitations, which means the calculated goodput does not reflect the maximum achievable throughput.

Twin Bing

The Twin Bing is a candy bar made by the Palmer Candy Company of Sioux City, Iowa. It consists of two round, chewy, cherry-flavored nougats coated with a mixture of chopped peanuts and chocolate.

The company also produces individual Bings, as well as the King Bing, a package of three. The original Bing was introduced in 1923 (the year of the company's 45th anniversary), and the Twin Bing in 1973. The Bing originally came in four flavors; cherry, pineapple, vanilla and maple. The cherry Twin Bing was the most popular so the other flavors were discontinued except for special promotions by Palmer Candy Company.

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References

Bing (Brian)

Bing (1942–26 October 1955) was a dog who received the Dickin Medal in 1947 from the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals for bravery in service during the Second World War.

An Alsatian and Collie cross, Bing (originally named "Brian") was given to the army in 1944 when his owners, the Fetch family from Loughborough in Leicestershire, were no longer able to feed him due to rationing. He was trained at the Army War Dog Training School near Potters Bar in Hertfordshire. On joining the army Bing was given the number 2720/6871 and first saw action with his handler and trainer Lance Corporal Ken Bailey in a Recce Platoon with the 13th Parachute Battalion, part of the 6th Airborne Division, over Normandy on D-Day on 6 June 1944. He had to be 'helped' out of the 'plane with a piece of meat before landing in a tree and having to be rescued; later he was wounded in action. His injuries were treated at the Vet Kennels near Stockport. Bing was trained to locate the enemy and protect military personnel, and served in France until September 1944.

Joya

Joya may refer to:

Joyà

Joyà is a 70 minute long, resident show at the Vidanta resort in the Riviera Maya, Mexico produced as a collaboration between 45 degrees and it's parent company Cirque du Soleil. It is Cirque's first resident show in Latin America. Joya premiered on November 8, 2014 inside the custom-built Joyà theatre, which seats 600 guests at capacity. The exterior design of the theatre was inspired by organic forms in a clearing surrounded by trees. The story, set in a naturalist's library which transforms into other exotic locations, follows the journey of a "rebellious young girl [who] is sent by her mischievous grandfather on a fantastical quest spanning generations".

Unlike other Cirque du Soleil productions, Joya is an "intimate theatrical and culinary experience" in that patrons have the option to enjoy the show along with a specially designed degustation menu at private tables around the stage, or simply have a glass of champagne with canapés on top of the show ticket. The show also incorporates smell into the acts, providing an all-around "feast for the senses".

Trousers

Trousers (pants in North America) are an item of clothing worn from the waist to the ankles, covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth extending across both legs as in robes, skirts, and dresses).

In the UK the word "pants" generally means underwear and not trousers.Shorts are similar to trousers, but with legs that come down only to around the area of the knee, higher or lower depending on the style of the garment. To distinguish them from shorts, trousers may be called "long trousers" in certain contexts such as school uniform, where tailored shorts may be called "short trousers", especially in the UK.

In most of the Western world, trousers have been worn since ancient times and throughout the Medieval period, becoming the most common form of lower-body clothing for adult males in the modern world, although shorts are also widely worn, and kilts and other garments may be worn in various regions and cultures. Breeches were worn instead of trousers in early modern Europe by some men in higher classes of society. Since the mid-20th century, trousers have increasingly been worn by women as well. Jeans, made of denim, are a form of trousers for casual wear, now widely worn all over the world by both sexes. Shorts are often preferred in hot weather or for some sports and also often by children and teenagers. Trousers are worn on the hips or waist and may be held up by their own fastenings, a belt or suspenders (braces). Leggings are form-fitting trousers, of a clingy material, often knitted cotton and spandex (elastane).

Monsters (Funeral for a Friend song)

"Monsters" was the second single released from Funeral for a Friend's second album Hours. It charted at number 36 in the UK. The song received a large amount of airplay on Radio 1 at the time, but did not chart that well and is one of the few singles not to appear on their Greatest Hits compilation Your History Is Mine: 2002-2009.

CD1:

1. Monsters 2. Sunday Bloody Sunday (U2 Cover)

CD2:

1. Monsters 2. The Boys Are Back In Town (Thin Lizzy Cover) 3. Monsters (Jagz Kooner Remix)

7" A: Monsters B: Babylon's Burning (The Ruts Cover)