BIH

BIH may refer to:

Bismuthine

Bismuthine (IUPAC name: bismuthane) is the chemical compound with the formula BiH₃. As the heaviest analogue of ammonia, BiH₃ is unstable, decomposing to bismuth metal well below 0 °C. This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H-Bi-H angles of around 90°.

The term bismuthine may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth(III) species having the general formula BiR
3, where R is an organic substituent. For example, Bi(CH₃)₃ is trimethylbismuthine.

Preparation and properties

BiH₃ is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine (BiH₂Me):

The required BiH₂Me, which is also thermally unstable, is generated by reduction of methylbismuth dichloride, BiCl₂Me with LiAlH₄.

As suggested by the behavior of SbH₃, BiH₃ is unstable and decomposes to its constituent elements according to the following equation:

The methodology used for detection of arsenic ("Marsh test") can also be used to detect BiH₃. This test relies on the thermal decomposition of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of reduced As, Sb, and Bi. These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics: arsenic dissolves in NaOCl, antimony dissolves in ammonium polysulfide, and bismuth resists both reagents.

English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states, the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and a widely spoken language in countries in the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is the most widely learned second language and is an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations.

English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England.Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible as well as the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries. Through all types of printed and electronic media, as well as the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and in professional contexts such as science, navigation, and law.