Bebop

Bebop or bop is a style of jazz characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure and occasional references to the melody. It was developed in the early and mid-1940s. This style of jazz ultimately became synonymous with modern jazz, when both categories reached a certain final maturity in the 1960s.

Bebop developed as the younger generation of jazz musicians aimed to counter the popular swing style with a new, non-danceable music that demanded listening. As bebop was no longer a dance music, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos. Bebop musicians explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, chord substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, and intricate melodies and used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role. The classic bebop combo consisted of saxophone, trumpet, piano, double bass and drums. Some of the most influential bebop artists are: tenor sax players Dexter Gordon, Sonny Rollins and John Coltrane; alto sax player Charlie Parker; trumpeters Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, and Dizzy Gillespie; pianists Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk; guitarist Charlie Christian, and drummer Max Roach.

Bebop (software)

Bebop (BibTeX Publisher) is a web-based BibTeX front-end that creates a web interface to a list of publications stored in a BibTeX file and allows browsing by author, year, document type, topic and keywords using PHP, Javascript and XML technologies. It can be mainly used by individuals and institutes for self-archiving and creating institutional repositories.

It is suited for single source publishing of bibliography information as it uses one single BibTeX file as its database. Therefore no database server (e.g. MySQL) is needed. The BibTeX entries for publications can be annotated with more information by using research area, keywords, abstract, filelink, presentation and poster keys. research area key allows categorization whereas keywords allows tagging of bibliographic entries. A keyword cloud is also generated.

AJAX-based interface allows displaying abstract, BibTeX entry and links to DOI, full text, slides and poster files. RSS feeds and permanent links are available per year, research area, keyword and document type. Adding new publications can be done via an online form (either by BibTeX code or by filling in specific fields) or by directly editing the BibTeX file. Bibliographic entries can be exported as BibTeX through unAPI, making it compatible with Zotero.

Bebop and Rocksteady

Bebop and Rocksteady are two fictional characters in the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon series and the Archie TMNT Adventures comics as well as most of the classic TMNT video games. They follow the orders of series villain The Shredder, leader of the Foot Clan. Their names are both derived from genres of music: bebop is a style of jazz; while rocksteady is a Jamaican music style, a precursor to reggae.

Character creation

The characters were designed by Peter Laird while they were negotiating the action figure deal with Playmates, as they wanted more characters to release. They were added into the show and given names, personalities and an origin story by writer David Wise, based on instructions by Fred Wolf to "put more mutants in the series".

Appearances in media

In animated television

1987 series

Bebop (voiced by Barry Gordon in most appearances, Greg Berg in some 1989 episodes) and Rocksteady (voiced by Cam Clarke) were introduced in the series as part of a human street gang in New York City that was employed by Shredder. Rocksteady was a short and stocky blond Caucasian man (who sported army camouflage pants that would be replaced with simple beige cargo pants later while also occasionally sporting a strong Army helmet on his head in his mutated form). Bebop was a taller African American man with a purple Mohawk. With the other members of their gang, they were sent out to stop a Channel 6 reporter named April O'Neil from doing a report about crime in the city. April ran down into the sewers while being chased by the street gang and met the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, who then defeated the gang in a fight.