Beam

Beam may refer to:

BEAM

Beam (music)

In musical notation, a beam is a horizontal or diagonal line used to connect multiple consecutive notes (and occasionally rests) in order to indicate rhythmic grouping. Only eighth notes (quavers) or shorter can be beamed. The number of beams is equal to the number of flags that would be present on an un-beamed note.

Grouping

The span of beams indicates the rhythmic grouping, usually determined by the time signature. Therefore, beams do not usually cross bar lines, or major sub-divisions of bars. If notes extend across these divisions, this is indicated with a tie.

In modern practice beams may span across rests in order to make rhythmic groups clearer.

In vocal music, beams were traditionally used only to connect notes sung to the same syllable. In modern practice it is more common to use standard beaming rules, while indicating multi-note syllables with slurs.

Positioning

Notes joined by a beam usually have all the stems pointing in the same direction (up or down). The average pitch of the notes is used to determine the direction – if the average pitch is below the middle staff-line, the stems and beams usually go above the note head, otherwise they go below.

Beam (nautical)

The beam of a ship is its width at the widest point as measured at the ship's nominal waterline. The beam is a bearing projected at right-angles from the fore and aft line, outwards from the widest part of ship. Beam may also be used to define the maximum width of a ship's hull, or maximum width plus superstructure overhangs.

Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship (or boat), the more initial stability it has, at expense of reserve stability in the event of a capsize, where more energy is required to right the vessel from its inverted position.

Typical values

Typical length-to-beam ratios for small sailboats are from 2:1 (dinghies to trailerable sailboats around 20 ft or 6 m) to 5:1 (racing sailboats over 30 ft or 10 m).

Large ships have widely varying beam ratios, some as large as 20:1.

Rowing shells designed for flatwater racing may have length to beam ratios as high as 30:1, while a coracle has a ratio of almost 1:1 – it is nearly circular.

Formula

The beam of many monohull vessels can be calculated using the following formula:

TRF

TRF may refer to:

TRF (band)

TRF (Tetsuya Komuro Rave Factory) is a Japanese pop group. Its members are rapper DJ Koo, lead vocalist Yu-ki, and dancers Chiharu, Etsu, and Sam.

History

The band debuted as "trf" in the year 1993. During the period of 1994 to 1995, the band released 5 singles produced by Tetsuya Komuro, each selling over a million copies under the Avex record label. In 1995, their song "Overnight Sensation: Jidai wa Anata ni Yudaneteru" received a Japan Record Award.

The following year, the band changed their name to an all-capital "TRF" with their single "Hey! Ladies & Gentlemen".

Yu-ki has also done voice acting for a children's animation movie Elmer's Adventure: My Father's Dragon, for which she sang the opening theme song as well. She has also performed the opening song to the 2006 Tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Kabuto as well as several variants to it.

Chiharu has worked on the choreography for J-Pop singer Shizuka Kudō, and has appeared in a drama as herself.

Sam was married to popstar and TK protege Amuro Namie in 1997, who was three months pregnant with his child at the time, but the couple were divorced in 2002, due to irreconcilable differences. Amuro has full custody of their son, Haruto.

TRF1

The Tr-F1 is a 155mm French towed howitzer produced by Nexter (ex Giat Industries) and used by the French army.

Performance

Ammunition

Operators

Current operators

 France - 105

 Cyprus - 12

 Saudi Arabia - 28

See also

Media related to Canon 155 TRF1 at Wikimedia Commons

References