Baia Mare

Baia Mare (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbaja ˈmare]; Hungarian: Nagybánya; German: Frauenbach; Ukrainian: Бая-Маре; Latin: Rivulus Dominarum; Yiddish: באניע‎, Banya) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County. The city is situated about 600 kilometres (373 miles) from Bucharest, 70 km (43 mi) from the border with Hungary, and 50 km (31 mi) from the border with Ukraine.

Located south of Igniș and Gutâi Mountains, Baia Mare had a population of 123,738 at the 2011 census, and a metropolitan area home to 215,932 residents. The city administers four villages: Blidari (Kőbánya), Firiza (Felsőfernezely), Valea Borcutului (Borpatak) and Valea Neagră (Feketepatak).

History

Prehistory

The city's development on the middle course of Săsar River, in the middle of a plateau with a warm Mediterranean-like climate, has facilitated living conditions since the Palaeolithic.

Ancient times

During the Bronze Age the region was inhabited by Thracian tribes. Later, it was included in the Dacian Kingdom formed by the King Burebista when the mining exploration began, as the area is rich in gold and silver.

Baia

Baia (Hungarian: Moldvabánya, Latin: Civitas Moldaviae) is a commune in the Suceava County, Romania with a population of 6,793 (2002 census). It is composed of two villages, Baia and Bogata. Located on the Moldova River, it was one of the earliest urban settlements in Moldavia.

Name

The Romanian baia and Hungarian banya both mean "mine". Archeologists found traces of iron slag and coal, but only for a brief period before 14th century, before the arrival of the colonists. It is possible that it derives from the term Bania (from Ban, a political leader). Baia was mentioned for the first time in the Nestor chronicle under the name Bania.

Another name of the settlement was Târgul Moldovei which means "the market of Moldavia", referring to the Moldova River. Its Hungarian name was Moldvabánya, "the Moldova mine". It also had a Latin name, Civitas Moldaviae which was found on an early seal of the city.

History

There has been a settlement in Baia since the 13th century, but the first written evidence is from the following century. It is possible that a document in Poland mentions the town in 1335, when a certain merchant was mentioned by the name of "Alexa Moldaowicz" (i.e. Alexa from the Town of Moldavia) and the next was in 1345, when Baia is placed on a list of towns of the Franciscan missionaries.

Baia (disambiguation)

Baia is a commune in Suceava County, Romania.

Baia may also refer to:

People with the surname Baia include

See also

Na Baixa do Sapateiro

"Na Baixa do Sapateiro" (English: In the Shoemaker's Hollow) is a famous Brazilian song, written by Ary Barroso. Its title comes from a street in Salvador, Bahia, where many cobblers once worked. It was originally released in 1938 as the B side to Salada Mista, which ironically did not achieve the same level of success. This first recording was sung by Carmen Miranda with Orchestra Odeon. She never released the song on disc in the United States. The song was originally going to be featured in the Carmen Miranda film Banana da Terra (1939), but was replaced with "O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?", because of the high license fee demanded by Ary Barroso to use his song. However the song has been recorded many other times by a large number of artists. The song gained international fame when it was featured in the Disney film The Three Caballeros (1944).

Notable covers

The second recording of the song was in 1939, by Ary Barroso himself on the piano and Laurindo Almeida and Garoto on guitars. Other artists to record the song include Valdir Azevedo, Bola Sete, Elizete Cardoso, Dorival Caymmi, Luiz Bonfá, Paulinho Nogueira, Dilermando Reis, Baden Powell de Aquino, Lennie Dale and the Sambalanço Trio, Leny Andrade and the Breno Sauer Quarteto, Wilson Simonal, João Gilberto, Banda Black Rio, MPB4, Luiz Eça and Victor Assis Brasil, Gal Costa, Elis Regina, Toquinho, Raphael Rabello once with Ney Matogrosso and once with Romero Lubambo, Trio Mocoto, Eliane Elias, Léo Gandelman, Trio Esperança, João Nogueira, Nivaldo Ornelas and Juarez Moreira with Orquestra de Câmara Sesiminas, Rosa Passos and Lula Galvão, Caetano Veloso, and Raúl di Blasio.

Mare'

Mare' (Arabic: مارع‎, also spelled Marea) is a town 25 kilometers north of Aleppo in northern Syria. It is the largest town and the administrative centre of the Mare' nahiyah in the Azaz District of the Aleppo Governorate. Nearby localities include Shaykh Issa and Tell Rifaat to the west, A'zaz to the northwest, Dabiq to the northeast, al-Bab to the southeast, and Maarat Umm Hawsh and Herbel to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 16,904 in the 2004 census, out of a total population in the Mare' nahiyah of 39,306.

Syrian Civil War

Mare' has been affected by the ongoing Syrian uprising against the government of Bashar al-Assad. The Ibn Walid brigade of the opposition Free Syrian Army was formed in the town in August 2012.

As of January 2015, Mare' is controlled by the Islamic Front.

The Mare' Operations Room is based around the town.

References

Mare

A mare is an adult female horse or other equine.

In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse age three and younger. In Thoroughbred horse racing a mare is defined as a female horse more than four years old, but the word can also be used for other female equine animals, particularly mules and zebras, though a female donkey is usually called a "jenny." A broodmare is a mare used for breeding. A horse's female parent is known as its dam.

An uncastrated adult male horse is called a stallion and a castrated male is a gelding. Occasionally the term "horse" is used in a restrictive sense to designate only a male horse.

Reproductive cycle

Mares carry their young (called foals) for approximately 11 months from conception to birth. (Average range 320–370 days.) Usually just one young is born; twins are rare. When a domesticated mare foals, she nurses the foal for at least four to six months before it is weaned, though mares in the wild may allow a foal to nurse for up to a year.

Mareš

Mareš (feminine Marešová) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include: