B-1 cell

B1 cells are a sub-class of B cell lymphocytes that are involved in the humoral immune response. They are not part of the adaptive immune system, as they have no memory, but otherwise, B1 cells perform many of the same roles as other B cells: making antibodies against antigens and acting as antigen presenting cells. Notably, most B1 cells do not develop into memory B cells.

Origin

B1 cells are first produced in the fetus and most B1 cells undergo self-renewal in the periphery, unlike conventional B cells (B2 cells) that are produced after birth and replaced in the bone marrow.

Types

In January 2011, human B1 cells were found to have marker profile of CD20+CD27+CD43+CD70- and could either be CD5+ or CD5-, which has been debated since. CD5-CD72 is thought to mediate B cell-B cell interaction. B-1 B cells, in the mouse, can be further subdivided into B-1a (CD5⁺) and B-1b (CD5⁻) subtypes. Unlike B1a B cells, the B-1b subtype can be generated from precursors in the adult bone marrow. The B1a and B1b precursors have been reported to differ in the expression levels of CD138.

Cell

Cell(s) may refer to:

Science and technology

Cell (Japanese band)

Cell (セル) is a Japanese visual kei rock band, formed by Kon, from the band La'Mule and NightingeiL in May 2012.

Biography

Vocalist KON (ex.La'Mule), guitarists SIN and NAO (both ex. La'Mule), bassist YUKI came together and formed the band in April 2012. Composed with infinite styles and possibilities of the band, creating a new form, CELL launched had launched their activity.

Shortly after the band's formation, a series of One Man concerts had been held at the Ikebukuro EDGE. The band had released 3 maxi singles, 1 DVD single, and contributed to former X Japan guitarist hide's tribute album hide TRIBUTE -VISUAL STYLES II- covering the song "Hurry Go Round".

Since 2013, CELL has been boosted their activities internationally being invited as the special guest to one of Los Angeles's biggest Japanese Convention AX2013 and played the bands first U.S.A show. In 2014, Vocalist KON had appeared as a guest representing CELL at the LA VK Fest held in Downtown, Los Angeles, as well as holding a Livestream Q&A Session for fans in the States.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets are developed as computerized simulations of paper accounting worksheets. The program operates on data represented as cells of an array, organized in rows and columns. Each cell of the array may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells.

Spreadsheet users may adjust any stored value and observe the effects on calculated values. This makes the spreadsheet useful for "what-if" analysis since many cases can be rapidly investigated without manual recalculation. Modern spreadsheet software can have multiple interacting sheets, and can display data either as text and numerals, or in graphical form.

Besides performing basic arithmetic and mathematical functions, modern spreadsheets provide built-in functions for common financial and statistical operations. Such calculations as net present value or standard deviation can be applied to tabular data with a pre-programmed function in a formula. Spreadsheet programs also provide conditional expressions, functions to convert between text and numbers, and functions that operate on strings of text.