Avraham Tiar

Avraham Tiar (Hebrew: אברהם טיאר‎‎ 29 January 1924 – 25 April 2011) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut, Gahal and the Free Centre between 1961 and 1969.

Biography

Born in Gabès in Tunisia, Tiar joined Betar at the age of 13, and by 1942 was head of the Gabès branch. In 1946 he became general secretary of the Tunisian Betar movement, as well as being deputy chairman of Revisionist Party in the country. He made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine on the S.S. Ben Hecht ship in 1947, but was intercepted by the British, and sent to an internment camp in Cyprus.

In 1948, Tiar was amongst the founders of Herut. In 1956, he became a member of its central committee. He was elected to the Knesset on the party's list in 1961, and in the same year became secretary of the party's Haifa branch. Between 1963 and 1966 he was chairman of the party's youth leadership.

After being re-elected in 1965 on the Gahal list (an alliance of Herut and the Liberal Party), Tiar was amongst the three Gahal members to break away from the party and establish the Free Centre in March 1967, before losing his seat in the 1969 elections. He later left the Free Centre and returned to Herut in 1977.

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Tiar

The Tiar are scheduled caste, found in North India. They are also known as the Parihar.

History and origin

The word tiar is a corruption of the Sanskrit word thivara, which means a hunter. They were traditionally hunters, but with the greater deforestation of their environment, they are now mainly farmers and fishermen. The Tiar in Bihar are found in the districts of Purnea, Bhagalpur, and Munger, and Hooghly, Howrah, North & South 24parganas in West Bengal and Jharkhand. A small number are also f ound in eastern Uttar Pradesh. According to some traditions, they are a sub-group of the Kewat community.

Present circumstances

The Tiar have seven sub-divisions, the Rajbansi, Surajbansi, Polwar, Malhasuraiya, Kewat, Muriary and Bin. Among these clans, there is a sharp stratification and the Muriary and Bins are looked down upon. Like other Hindu communities, they maintain gotra exogamy. The Tiar are now landless, and most are agricultural labourers. They are Hindu, but have their own tribal deity Raja Bhim Sen Salis. The Tiar speak Bhojpuri and most now understand Hindi.

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Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (commonly known as the Rio Treaty, the Rio Pact, or by the Spanish-language acronym TIAR from Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca) was an agreement signed on 1947 in Rio de Janeiro among many countries of the Americas. The central principle contained in its articles is that an attack against one is to be considered an attack against them all; this was known as the "hemispheric defense" doctrine. The treaty was initially created in 1947 and came into force in 1948, in accordance with Article 22 of the treaty. The Bahamas was the most recent country to sign and ratify it in 1982.