Avianca Perú
Avianca Perú is an airline based in Lima, Peru. It operates domestic services and international services. Its main base is Jorge Chávez International Airport (LIM), Lima. The airline operates out of 18 airports. It is part of the Synergy Group and operates its flights with TACA's codes. Through Synergy Group, it is one of the seven nationally branded airlines (Avianca Ecuador, Avianca Honduras, etc.) in the Avianca Holdings group of Latin American airlines.
History
The airline was established in 1999 and started operations in July 1999. It was founded by Daniel Ratti and Ernesto Mahle as TransAm, but changed its name to TACA Peru when TACA took a minority holding, and renamed as Avianca Peru after Avianca-TACA fusion. It is owned by Daniel Ratti (51%) and the Synergy Group (49%).
Destinations
Fleet
The Avianca Perú fleet consists of the following aircraft (at 31 August 2011):
References
External links
Avianca Brazil
Avianca Brazil (Portuguese: Avianca Brasil), officially Oceanair Linhas Aéreas S/A, is a Brazilian airline based in São Paulo, Brazil. It operates passenger services from 25 destinations. Its main bases are Brasília and São Paulo-Guarulhos airports.
Even though the legal name of the airline remains OceanAir, it has been re-branded as Avianca since it is owned by Synergy Group, which owns Avianca Holdings. Avianca (Colombia) and Avianca Brazil remain separate legal entities. Its CEO is José Efromovich, who is the younger brother of Germán Efromovich.
According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC), between January and December 2014 Avianca Brazil had 8.4% of the domestic and 0.08% of the international market shares in terms of passengers per kilometer flown, making it the fourth largest airline in Brazil, after TAM, Gol, and Azul.
History
OceanAir
The airline was established in 1998 as an air taxi company to operate services for oil companies in the Campos Basin. Its name was then OceanAir and began to operate scheduled services in 2002, between São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Macaé and Campos. Soon afterwards, it started to become better known to the public with a flight (no longer operated now) connecting Congonhas Airport in São Paulo and Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro via São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport, enabling international passengers from both cities easy access to the country's largest international hub from those cities' smaller but central and more convenient airports. At the time, OceanAir's fare between São Paulo's airports was cheaper than a taxi and on a par with a luxury bus ride.
Avianca Flight 52
Avianca Flight 52 was a regularly scheduled flight from Bogotá to New York, via Medellín that crashed on January 25, 1990, at 21:34 (UTC−05:00). The Boeing 707 flying this route ran out of fuel on approach to John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), resulting in the aircraft crashing onto a hillside in the small village of Cove Neck, New York, on the north shore of Long Island. Eight of the nine crew members and 65 of the 149 passengers on board were killed.
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the crash resulted from the flight crew failing to properly declare a fuel emergency, resulting in air traffic control underestimating the seriousness of the situation. The weather, air traffic controller performances, and FAA traffic management were also cited as contributing to the events that led to the accident. This conclusion was controversial, with disagreement between investigators, passengers, and Avianca as to who was ultimately responsible. Eventually, the U.S. Federal Government joined with Avianca to settle damages due to the victims. The crash was also portrayed in a variety of media.
Per
Per is a Latin preposition which means "through" or "for each", as in per capita.
Per or PER may also refer to:
Places
Math and statistics
Science
Media and entertainment
Other
Cyclone Per
Per was the name of a powerful storm with hurricane-force winds which hit the west coast of Sweden and Norway on the morning of 14 January 2007. In Sweden, six people died from the storm and approximately 300,000 households were left without electricity.
The storm was officially named Hanno by the Free University of Berlin, which names all low-pressure areas that affect Europe, while the storm was named Per by the Norway Weather Service, which names all strong storms that affect Norway.
Deaths
Period (gene)
Period (per) is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the Drosophila biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per0) the period of the circadian rhythm.
Discovery
The period gene and three mutants (perS, perL, and per0) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. The perS, perL, and per0 mutations were found to complement each other, so it was concluded that the three phenotypes were due to mutations in the same gene. The discovery of mutants that altered the period of circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity (perS and perL) indicated the role of the per gene in the clock itself and not an output pathway. The period gene was first sequenced in 1984 by Michael Rosbash and colleagues. In 1998, it was discovered that per produces two transcripts (differing only by the alternative splicing of a single untranslated intron) which both encode the PER protein.
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