COM file

A COM file is a type of simple executable file. On the Digital Equipment operating systems of the 1970s, .COM was used as a filename extension for text files containing commands to be issued to the operating system (similar to a batch file). With the introduction of CP/M (a microcomputer operating system), the type of files commonly associated with COM extension changed to that of executable files. This convention was later carried over to MS-DOS. Even when complemented by the more general .exe file format for executables, the compact COM files remain viable and frequently used in MS-DOS.

The .COM file name extension has no relation to the .com (for "commercial") top-level Internet domain name. However, this similarity in name has been exploited by malicious computer virus writers.

MS-DOS binary format

The COM format is the original binary executable format used in CP/M and MS-DOS. It is very simple; it has no header (with the exception of CP/M 3 files), and contains no standard metadata, only code and data. This simplicity exacts a price: the binary has a maximum size of 65,280 (FF00h) bytes (256 bytes short of 64 KB) and stores all its code and data in one segment.

2345.com

2345.com is a Chinese web directory founded in 2005. The website is the second most used web directory in China. It is ranked 47th place in China and has a world wide ranking of 419 on Alexa. It is hosted at Abitcool China Inc. Beijing, China.

References

56.com

56.com is one of the largest video sharing websites in China, where users can upload, view and share video clips.

A fully owned subsidiary of Sohu, the company is headquartered in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong.

The domain 56.com attracted at least 3.2 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey.

Access to the Chinese online video provider 56.com was suspended since 18:00 on June 3, 2008. 56.com made an explanation at 10:00 on June 4, 16 hours after the website's access was stopped, and said that the website had experienced a server failure and was being repaired, but it did not give a clear time for when the site's services would be fully resumed. Some media, such as Hexun.com and Sina.com, reported that as 56.com had frequently violated relevant government rules with its video content, it had therefore been issued a warning by the government and might be closed for a few days. However, this was denied by 56.com. By July 11, 2008, 56.com was back and operational.

Atom (standard)

The name Atom applies to a pair of related Web standards. The Atom Syndication Format is an XML language used for web feeds, while the Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub or APP) is a simple HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources.

Web feeds allow software programs to check for updates published on a website. To provide a web feed, the site owner may use specialized software (such as a content management system) that publishes a list (or "feed") of recent articles or content in a standardized, machine-readable format. The feed can then be downloaded by programs that use it, like websites that syndicate content from the feed, or by feed reader programs that allow Internet users to subscribe to feeds and view their content.

A feed contains entries, which may be headlines, full-text articles, excerpts, summaries, and/or links to content on a website, along with various metadata.

The Atom format was developed as an alternative to RSS. Ben Trott, an advocate of the new format that became Atom, believed that RSS had limitations and flaws—such as lack of on-going innovation and its necessity to remain backward compatible— and that there were advantages to a fresh design.

Atom (programming language)

Atom is a domain-specific language (DSL) in Haskell, for designing real-time embedded software.

History

Originally intended as a high level hardware description language, Atom was created in early 2007 and released in open-source of April of the same year. Inspired by TRS and Bluespec, Atom compiled circuit descriptions, that were based on guarded atomic operations, or conditional term rewriting, into Verilog netlists for simulation and logic synthesis. As a hardware compiler, Atom's primary objective was to maximize the number of operations, or rules, that can execute in a given clock cycle without violating the semantics of atomic operation. By employing the properties of conflict-free and sequentially-composable rules, Atom reduced maximizing execution concurrency to a feedback arc set optimization of a rule-data dependency graph. This process was similar to James Hoe's original algorithm.

When Atom's author switched careers in late 2007 from logic design to embedded software engineering, Atom was redesigned from an HDL to a domain specific language targeting hard realtime embedded applications. As a result, Atom's compiler's primary objective changed from maximizing rule concurrency to balancing processing load and minimizing worst case timing latency. In September 2008, Atom was presented at CUFP, and in April 2009, was released as open-source in its new form.

Atom (system on chip)

Atom is a system on chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablet computers, launched by Intel in 2012. It is a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on 13 September 2011 to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. This range competes with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies like Texas Instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung. Unlike these companies, which use ARM-based CPUs designed from the beginning to consume very low power, Intel has adapted the x86 based Atom line CPU developed for low power usage in netbooks, to even lower power usage.

Since April 2012, several manufacturers have released Intel Atom-based tablets and phones as well as using the SoCs as a basis for other small form factor devices (e.g. mini PCs, stick PCs, etc.).

List of systems

Merrifield and Moorefield smartphone platforms

In Q1 2014, Intel launched its fully Android compatible smartphone platform Merrifield based on a 22 nm SoC. It was followed by its platform refresh Moorefield in Q4 2014.