Atmosphere (unit)

The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa (1.01325 bar). It is sometimes used as a reference or standard pressure.

History

In 1954 the 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) adopted standard atmosphere for general use and affirmed its definition of being precisely equal to 1,013,250 dynes per square centimetre (101325 Pa). This value was intended to represent the mean atmospheric pressure at mean sea level at the latitude of Paris, France, and does reflect the mean sea level pressure for many industrialized nations that are at broadly similar latitudes.

In chemistry and in various industries, the reference pressure referred to in “Standard Temperature and Pressure” (STP) was commonly 1 atm (101.325 kPa) but standards have since diverged; in 1982, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommended that for the purposes of specifying the physical properties of substances, “standard pressure” should be precisely 100 kPa (1 bar).

Atmosphere (journal)

Atmosphere is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research related to the Earth`s atmosphere. The journal is published by MDPI and was established in 2010. The founding editor-in-chief was Daniela Jacob (Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology) until 2014. The current editor-in-chief is Robert Talbot (University of Houston).

Abstracting and indexing

Atmosphere is covered by the following indexing and abstracting databases:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.132.

Features of Atmosphere

Atmosphere (Kaskade album)

Atmosphere is the eighth studio album of American house DJ and electronic dance music producer Kaskade. It was released in the United States and Canada on September 10, 2013 through Ultra Records.

Reception

The album shares similar success with his previous studio album Fire & Ice. It became Kaskade's second No. 1 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart. It also made its debut at #16 on the Billboard Top 200 chart, as well as number 7 on the Billboard Digital Albums chart and number 2 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. Atmosphere earned Kaskade his second Grammy nomination for Best Dance/Electronica Album in 2014.

The album received mixed reviews from mainstream critics. Metacritic rated Atmosphere an average score of 62 out of 100 based on 5 reviews.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Ryan Raddon and Finn Bjarnson, except for tracks 3, 7 and 11. 

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from AllMusic and Discogs.

Chart performance

Release history

Hysteria (Muse song)

"Hysteria" (also known as "Hysteria (I Want It Now)" in the United States) is a song by English alternative rock band Muse and is featured on their third studio album, Absolution. It was also released as a single from that album on 1 December 2003 in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 17 in the UK Singles Chart (see 2003 in British music). The song is also well known for its intricate bass line, which was voted the sixth best bass line of all time on MusicRadar. It reached number 9 in the US on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

The artwork for the 7" cover was chosen by competition, and the winner was Adam Falkus. The runner-up images are included in the DVD version of the single. The song was performed regularly during the tour in support of Absolution and remains a staple of the band's live show. The song also appears on the Absolution Tour DVD and on both the CD and DVD of HAARP.

Music video

The song's video, starring actor Justin Theroux and directed by Matt Kirby, is based on the hotel-trashing scene from the movie Pink Floyd – The Wall. It takes the form of a short narrative depicting a man (the protagonist) awakening inside of a hotel room and, through non-linear chronological elements, discovering that he both stalked and eventually met with a prostitute with whom he was obsessed (played by Hayley Caradoc-Hodgkins). This encounter, however, ends unpleasantly. The video has several interpretations and can be seen to have several ambiguous elements, including the fit of rage which induces the man to trash the hotel room, and several chronologically non-linear sequences describing elements of plot.

Hysteria (The Human League album)

Hysteria is the fourth studio album by the British synthpop band The Human League, released on 8 May 1984. Following the worldwide success of their 1981 album Dare, the band struggled to make a successful follow-up and the sessions for Hysteria were fraught with problems. The album name itself is taken from the problematic recording period. Producers Martin Rushent and Chris Thomas both left the project which would eventually be finished by producer Hugh Padgham.

By the time Hysteria was released, three years had passed since Dare and the album met with relatively lacklustre success in comparison to its multi-platinum predecessor. Three singles from the album made the top-twenty of the UK singles chart but none of them reached the top-ten and "The Lebanon" was the only single to chart in the US, stalling at number sixty-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The album peaked at number three in the UK, later being certified Gold by the BPI for sales in excess of 100,000 copies.

Amazon Studios

Amazon Studios is Amazon.com's division that develops television shows, movies and comics from online submissions and crowd-sourced feedback. It was started in late 2010. Content is distributed through Amazon Video, Amazon’s digital video streaming service, and is a competitor to services like Netflix and Hulu.

Film and television

Scripts for television and film are submitted through the web. They are reviewed and rated by other readers in a crowd-source fashion, and/or by Amazon staff. Scripts may be submitted with the option to allow other people to modify them. In addition there is a separate submission method for professional writers (Writers Guild of America members) with separate rules.

Amazon has 45 days to choose a submitted script. If a project is chosen for development, the writer receives $10,000. If a developed script is selected for distribution as a full-budget movie, the creator gets $200,000; if it is selected for distribution as a full-budget series, the creator gets $55,000 as well as "up to 5 percent of Amazon’s net receipts from toy and t-shirt licensing, and other royalties and bonuses."