Military of Serbia and Montenegro

The Serbia and Montenegro Forces (1992–2006) (Serbian: Vojska Srbije i Crna Gore, VSCG; Војска Србије и Црне Горе, ВСЦГ) were the armed forces of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The military included ground forces with internal and border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces, and civil defense.

Preceding the VSCG was the Yugoslav Forces (1992–2003) (Serbian: Војска Југославије, ВЈ, Vojska Jugoslavije, VJ) from the remnants of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the military of SFR Yugoslavia. The state, then named Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, participated in the Yugoslav Wars with limited direct intervention of its own armed forces. Following the end of the Wars and the constitutional reforms of 2003 by which the state was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro", the military accordingly changed its name to "Military of Serbia and Montenegro". The military was heavily involved in combating the rebel groups of the Kosovo Liberation Army and Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac during the Kosovo War and Preševo Valley conflict, and also engaged NATO airplanes during the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Yugoslav People's Army

The Yugoslav People's Army (YPA), also referred to as the Yugoslav National Army (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavenska narodna armija - JNA, Југословенска народна армија - ЈНА / Jugoslovenska narodna armija - JNA; Macedonian: Југословенската народна армија - ЈНА; Slovene: Jugoslovanska ljudska armada - JLA) or simply by the initialism JNA, was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Origins

The origins of the JNA can be found in the Yugoslav Partisan units of World War II. As part of the antifascist People's Liberation War of Yugoslavia, the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia (NOVJ), a predecessor of the JNA, was formed in the town of Rudo in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 22 December 1941. After the Yugoslav Partisans liberated the country from the Axis Powers, that date was officially celebrated as the "Day of the Army" in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).

In March 1945, the NOVJ was renamed the "Yugoslav Army" ("Jugoslovenska Armija") and, on its 10th anniversary, on 22 December 1951, received the adjective "people's" ("narodna").

Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)

Aside from the Yugoslav People's Army, the terms Yugoslav Army, Army of Yugoslavia, or Military of Yugoslavia may refer to:

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Jugoslavija, Југославија) was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia. The Serbian royal House of Karađorđević became the Yugoslav royal dynasty. Yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. The country was named after the South Slavic peoples and constituted their first union, following centuries in which the territories had been part of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.

Renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, it was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance. In 1944, the king recognised it as the legitimate government, but in November 1945 the monarchy was abolished. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. It acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country as president until his death in 1980. In 1963, the country was renamed again as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).

1554 Yugoslavia

1554 Yugoslavia, provisional designation 1940 RE, is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, about 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Serbian astronomer Milorad Protić at Belgrade Astronomical Observatory, Serbia, on 6 September 1940.

The asteroid is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of S-type asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,547 days). Its orbit shows an eccentricity of 0.20 and is tilted by 12 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic. It has a well-defined rotation period of 3.89 hours, measured by several photometric light-curve observations. Based on measurements by the Japanese Akari satellite and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the body's albedo is inconclusive – ranging from 0.07 to 0.27 – while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes an albedo of 0.21, typical for stony asteroids.