Area codes 503 and 971

North American telephone area codes 503 and 971 serve the northwestern region of Oregon, including the Portland, Salem, and Astoria metropolitan areas.

History

Area code 503 was one of the original area codes created as part of the North American Numbering Plan by AT&T and Bell Laboratories in 1947.

Area code 503 was used for the entire state of Oregon until November 5, 1995, when area code 541 began service. With that change, the northwest, and most heavily populated, corner of the state retained the 503 area code and the rest of the state moved to 541.

On July 1, 1999, area code 971 was added to share the service area, with the exceptions of Clatsop and Tillamook counties. Initially, 10-digit dialing was to become mandatory in that service area on January 30, 2000, but the date was extended until October 1, 2000.

The previously exempted Clatsop and Tillamook counties were added to the 503/971 overlay on April 27, 2008.

Service area

Area codes 503 and 971 include communities in the following counties:

Area code 868

The area code 868 is assigned to Trinidad and Tobago, a member of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The telephone numbering plan for the country is known as the National Numbering Plan. It is part of a system used for assigning telephone numbers in Trinidad and Tobago, and functions as a part of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is regulated by the government's Telecommunications Authority, which holds responsibility for telecommunications.

Due to a long established affiliation with NANP, phone numbers in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago are often styled as "(868) NXX-xxxx". However, the International Telecommunications Union's standards such as E.164 and E.123 both strongly advocate the inclusion of a "+1" prefix to indicate "868" is a part of the NANP.

History

Area code 868 ("TNT") was created during a split from the original Area code 809 around 1 June 1997. By 31 May 1998 all calls placed to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago required the use of the +1 868 prefix.

Personal Communications Services area codes

Area codes 500, 533, 544, 566 and 577 are non-geographic area codes reserved for personal communications services. The 500 code was authorized by the United States Federal Communications Commission, and introduced into the North American Numbering Plan in 1995.

In 1995 AT&T introduced a "follow-me" service under the brand name of AT&T True Connections using the 500 area code. It was designed to replace the AT&T EasyReach 700 service. Other local exchange carriers and interexchange carriers introduced similar competitive services.

AT&T True Connections service was not well received. Companies, hotels, and others with PBX equipment continued to block the dialing of 500 because it was a caller-paid number. Phone-sex services also began using the 500 prefix and forwarding the calls to various foreign countries.

The 500 prefix is still registered to a variety of phone companies, and is being used for non-geographic services including dial-up modem access.

Code (law)

A code is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification. Though the process and motivations for codification are similar in different common law and civil law systems, their usage is different. In a civil law country, a Code typically exhaustively covers the complete system of law, such as civil law or criminal law. By contrast, in a common law country with legislative practices in the English tradition, a Code is a less common form of legislation, which differs from usual legislation that, when enacted, modify the existing common law only to the extent of its express or implicit provision, but otherwise leaves the common law intact. By contrast, a code entirely replaces the common law in a particular area, leaving the common law inoperative unless and until the code is repealed. In a third case of slightly different usage, in the United States and other common law countries that have adopted similar legislative practices, a Code is a standing body of statute law on a particular area, which is added to, subtracted from, or otherwise modified by individual legislative enactments.

Ten-code

Ten-codes, officially known as ten signals, are brevity codes used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by law enforcement and in Citizens Band (CB) radio transmissions.

The codes, developed in 1937 and expanded in 1974 by the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO), allow for brevity and standardization of message traffic. They have historically been widely used by law enforcement officers in North America but due to the lack of standardization, in 2006 the U.S. federal government recommended they be discontinued in favor of everyday language.

History

APCO first proposed Morse code brevity codes in the June, 1935 issue of The APCO Bulletin, which were adapted from the procedure symbols of the U.S. Navy.

The development of the APCO Ten Signals began in 1937, when police radio channels were limited to reduce use of speech on the radio. Credit for inventing the codes goes to Charles "Charlie" Hopper, communications director for the Illinois State Police, District 10 in Pesotum, Illinois. Hopper had been involved in radio for years and realized there was a need to abbreviate transmissions on State Police bands. Experienced radio operators knew the first syllable of a transmission was frequently not understood because of quirks in early electronics technology. Radios in the 1930s were based on vacuum tubes powered by a small motor-generator called a dynamotor. The dynamotor took from 1/10 to 1/4 of a second to "spin up" to full power. Police officers were trained to push the microphone button, then pause briefly before speaking; however, sometimes they would forget to wait. Preceding each code with "ten-" gave the radio transmitter time to reach full power. An APCO Bulletin of January 1940 lists codes assigned as part of standardization;

The Good Guys (2010 TV series)

The Good Guys is an American action-comedy series about an old-school cop and a modern-day detective that premiered with a preview episode on Fox on May 19, 2010, and began airing regularly on June 7 of that year. The series stars Bradley Whitford as Dan Stark, a mustachioed, former big-shot detective with the Dallas Police Department, and Colin Hanks as Jack Bailey, a young, ambitious, by-the-book detective who has been assigned as Dan's partner because of his snarky attitude.

On December 15, 2010, The Good Guys was cancelled by Fox Television Studios.

Cast

Area (travel agency)

Area Travel Agency Ltd is a major travel agency in Finland. Area is a part of Finnair Group and wholly owned by Finnair, the national carrier of Finland. The company was founded in 1935. Area is a full-service business travel agency and a Globalstar travel management representative in Finland. Area provides a comprehensive range of business travel services for companies of all size.

Scope of office network

Area has business travel centres in Helsinki, Hämeenlinna, Oulu, Tampere and Turku.

Total company sales

The company's total sales during fiscal year 2011 were 127 million €.

Affiliations

Area is a member of IATA, AFTA (The Association of Finnish Travel Agents)

Special travel

Area's special travel services include Groups and Events, CIS and Baltic countries and Government Section.

Referring sites

See also