Francis

Francis may refer to:

As a name

People

Places

Other uses

See also

FRANCIS

FRANCIS is an academic bibliographic database maintained by INIST. FRANCIS covers the core academic literature in the humanities and social sciences with special emphasis on European literature.

See also

Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

The following characters had significant roles in the American television comedy series Malcolm in the Middle, which was originally televised from 2000–2006 on the Fox Network.

Main characters

Originally there were four brothers (although Malcolm's oldest brother attended a military school away from home, so Malcolm was still the middle sibling left at home). A fifth son was introduced in the show's fourth season, a boy named Jamie. The boys are, from eldest to youngest: Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie. In the final episode, Lois discovered she was pregnant with a sixth child. In the third season, Francis travels home (to celebrate his father's birthday) with an Alaskan girl named Piama, and reveals that they are married.

During the first season, the writers decided to keep the family's last name a mystery. In the fifth season episode "Reese Joins the Army (1)", Reese uses a fake ID by the name of "Jetson" to lie about his age. In the series finale, "Graduation", Francis' employee ID reads "Nolastname" (or "No Last Name", a joke referring to the fact that the family name was never spoken aloud). In the same episode when Malcolm was introduced to give the graduation speech, the speaker announces Malcolm's name, but microphone feedback makes his surname inaudible, even though he does appear to mouth the phrase "No last name".

Cycle (graph theory)

In graph theory, there are several different types of object called cycles, principally a closed walk and a simple cycle; also, e.g., an element of the cycle space of the graph.

A closed walk consists of a sequence of vertices starting and ending at the same vertex, with each two consecutive vertices in the sequence adjacent to each other in the graph. In a directed graph, each edge must be traversed by the walk consistently with its direction: the edge must be oriented from the earlier of two consecutive vertices to the later of the two vertices in the sequence. The choice of starting vertex is not important: traversing the same cyclic sequence of edges from different starting vertices produces the same closed walk.

A simple cycle may be defined either as a closed walk with no repetitions of vertices and edges allowed, other than the repetition of the starting and ending vertex, or as the set of edges in such a walk. The two definitions are equivalent in directed graphs, where simple cycles are also called directed cycles: the cyclic sequence of vertices and edges in a walk is completely determined by the set of edges that it uses. In undirected graphs the set of edges of a cycle can be traversed by a walk in either of two directions, giving two possible directed cycles for every undirected cycle. (For closed walks more generally, in directed or undirected graphs, the multiset of edges does not unambiguously determine the vertex ordering.) A circuit can be a closed walk allowing repetitions of vertices but not edges; however, it can also be a simple cycle, so explicit definition is recommended when it is used.

Cycle (album)

Cycle is an album by the Japanese noise musician Merzbow. It features recordings of Masami Akita's pet chickens. Material from this album was performed live at Radio Nova in Oslo, which was released as Mini Cycle / Yoshino Tamago / Yonos Bigfoot.

Track listing

All music composed by Masami Akita.

Personnel

References

Cycle (gene)

Cycle (cyc) is a gene in Drosophila melanogaster that encodes the CYCLE protein. The Cycle gene is expressed in a variety of cell types in a circadian manner. It is involved in controlling both the sleep-wake cycle and circadian regulation of gene expression by promoting transcription in a negative feedback mechanism. The cyc gene is located on the left arm of chromosome 3 and codes for a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and a PAS domain. The cyc gene is 2.17 kb in size, made up of 5 coding exons totaling 1,625 base pairs coding for 413 aminos acid residues, and there are currently 19 known alleles.Orthologs performing the same function in other species include ARNTL and BMAL1.

Function

Cyc is primarily known for its role in the genetic transcription-translation feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms in Drosophila. In the cell nucleus, the CYCLE protein (CYC) forms a heterodimer with a second bHLH-PAS protein, CLOCK (CLK). This CYC-CLK protein complex binds to E-box elements in promoter regions of the genes period and timeless, functioning as a transcription factor in the translation of the proteins PER and TIM. After PER and TIM proteins accumulate in the cytoplasm and bind together, the PER-TIM complex translocates to the nucleus and interferes with the CYC-CLK protein complex function to inhibit its activation of transcription. Thus, CLK and CYC act as positive factors and PER and TIM as negative factors. CYC also plays a role in the post-translational regulation of CLK in the cytoplasm. These four proteins of the feedback loop are later degraded by a casein kinase-mediated phosphorylation cycle, allowing fluctuations in gene expression according to environmental cues. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute has an educational video detailing the transcription-translation feedback loop.