Archaea

The Archaea (ⁱ/ɑːrˈkiːə/ or /ɑːrˈkeɪə/ ar-KEE-ə or ar-KAY-ə; singular archaeon) constitute a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells.

Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this classification is outdated. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life, Bacteria and Eukaryota. The Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because the majority have not been studied in the laboratory and have only been detected by analysis of their nucleic acids in samples from their environment.

Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very strange shapes, such as the flat and square-shaped cells of Haloquadratum walsbyi. Despite this visual similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. Other aspects of archaeal biochemistry are unique, such as their reliance on ether lipids in their cell membranes. Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. Salt-tolerant archaea (the Haloarchaea) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon; however, unlike plants and cyanobacteria, no known species of archaea does both. Archaea reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding; unlike bacteria and eukaryotes, no known species forms spores.

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When the pressure is on, Archaea go multicellular (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV)

Public Technologies 10 Apr 2025

) Homepage Newsroom When the pressure is on, Archaea go multicellular. When the pressure is on, Archaea go multicellular. Mechanical compression induces multicellular organization in archaea April 09, 2025.

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Asgard Archaea May Hold the Key to the Origins of Eukaryotic Life

NDTV 27 Mar 2025

Asgard archaea, a group of single-celled organisms, may hold clues to the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Researchers at ETH Zurich have identified cytoskeletal proteins similar to those in eukaryotes,... .

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Latest News for: archaea

When the pressure is on, Archaea go multicellular (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV)

Asgard Archaea May Hold the Key to the Origins of Eukaryotic Life

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