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Sunday, 23 March 2025

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Apitoxin

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Apitoxin

Apitoxin, or honey bee venom, is a bitter colourless liquid; its active portion a mixture of proteins, which causes local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant. A honeybee can inject 0.1 mg of venom via its stinger. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.

Components of Apitoxin

The main component is melittin amounting to 52 %of venom peptides.

Apamin increases cortisol production in the adrenal gland. Apamin is a mild neurotoxin.

Adolapin, contributing 2–5% of the peptides, acts as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic because it blocks cyclooxygenase.

Phospholipase A2 amounts to 10–12% of peptides and it is the most destructive component of apitoxin. It is an enzyme which degrades the phospholipids which cellular membranes are made of. It also causes decreased blood pressure and inhibits blood coagulation. Phospholipase A2 activates arachidonic acid which is metabolized in the cyclooxygenase-cycle to form prostaglandins. Prostaglandins regulate the body's inflammatory response.

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Apitoxin

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