Apelin
Apelin (also known as APLN) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the APLN gene. Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the G-protein-coupled APJ receptor that is expressed at the surface of some cell types. It is widely expressed in various organs such as the heart, lung, kidney, liver, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, brain, adrenal glands, endothelium, and human plasma.
Discovery
Apelin is a new peptide that was identified in 1998 by Professor M. Fujino’s team.
Biosynthesis
Apelin gene encodes a pre-proprotein of 77 amino acids, with a signal peptide in the N-terminal region. After translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and cleavage of the signal peptide, the proprotein of 55 amino acids may generate several active fragments: a 36 amino acid peptide corresponding to the sequence 42-77 (apelin 36), a 17 amino acid peptide corresponding to the sequence 61-77 (apelin 17) and a 13 amino acid peptide corresponding to the sequence 65-77 (apelin 13). This latter fragment may also undergo a pyroglutamylation at the level of its N-terminal glutamine residue. However the presence and/or the concentrations of those peptides in human plasma has been questioned. Recently, 46 different apelin peptides ranging from apelin 55 (proapelin) to apelin 12 have been identified in bovine colostrum, including C-ter truncated isoforms.
Podcasts:
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abbie Lynn
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by Abeline
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by Abeline
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by Abeline
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by Abeline
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by Abeline
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by Abeline
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by Apollyon
Abbie Lynn
by: Abbie LynnTexas Western Swing Dance Tempo
[CHO:] HE’S MY BABY….AND I LOVE HIM…
I KNOW I ALWAYS WILL…..
HE DRIVES ME O SO, CRAZY….AND HE GIVES ME SUCH A THRILL….
HE BRINGS ME SUNSHINE EVERY MORN…
STARLIGHT EVERY NIGHT…
HE’S THE ONE I LOVE…THE ONE I’M SPEAKING OF….
HE ALWAYS DOES ME RIGHT….
[1] When I hitched my wagon to his star….
I had no idea we’d ever go this far…
Drives me a little on the wild side…
Spend most of my time hanging on for dear life….
[CHO:] HE’S MY BABY….AND I LOVE HIM…
I KNOW I ALWAYS WILL…..
HE DRIVES ME O SO, CRAZY….HE GIVES ME SUCH A THRILL….
HE BRINGS ME SUNSHINE EVERY MORN…
STARLIGHT EVERY NIGHT…
HE’S THE ONE I LOVE…THE ONE I’M SPEAKING OF….
HE ALWAYS DOES ME RIGHT….
Turn-a-round/Channel
[2] When the skies look a little bit cloudy…
I know I can count on him….
He’ll be right there when the chips are down…
And help me stack them up again…
We’ve seen high and low, thick and thin…everything in between…
But he’s my sweet baby…I don’t mean maybe…
He means the world to me….
[CHO:] HE’S MY BABY….AND I LOVE HIM…
I KNOW I ALWAYS WILL…..
HE DRIVES ME O SO, CRAZY….AND HE GIVES ME SUCH A THRILL….
HE BRINGS ME SUNSHINE EVERY MORN…
STARLIGHT EVERY NIGHT…
HE’S THE ONE I LOVE…THE ONE I’M SPEAKING OF….
HE ALWAYS DOES ME RIGHT….
TAG:
He’s the one I love…[sustain] the one I’m speaking of….
He always does me right….[yeah]