Animal navigation

Animal navigation is the ability of many animals to find their way accurately without maps or instruments. Birds such as the Arctic tern, insects such as the monarch butterfly and fish such as the salmon regularly migrate thousands of miles to and from their breeding grounds, and many other species navigate effectively over shorter distances.

Dead reckoning, navigating from a known position using only information about one's own speed and direction, was suggested by Charles Darwin in 1873 as a possible mechanism. In the 20th century, Karl von Frisch showed that honey bees can navigate by the sun, by the polarization pattern of the blue sky, and by the earth's magnetic field; of these, they rely on the sun when possible. William Tinsley Keeton showed that homing pigeons could similarly make use of a range of navigational cues, including the sun, earth's magnetic field, olfaction and vision. Ronald Lockley demonstrated that a species of small seabird, the Manx shearwater, could orient themselves and fly home at full speed, when released far from home, provided either the sun or the stars were visible.

Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). All animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently, at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.

Most known animal phyla appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, about 542 million years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups, some of which are: vertebrates (birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish); molluscs (clams, oysters, octopuses, squid, snails); arthropods (millipedes, centipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp); annelids (earthworms, leeches); sponges; and jellyfish.

Etymology

The word "animal" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, "animal" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals and other vertebrates, are meant. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans.

Reality Check (Juvenile album)

Reality Check is the seventh studio album by American rapper Juvenile. The album was released on March 7, 2006, by UTP Records and Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Fat Joe and Ludacris, among others.

Reality Check was supported by three single "Rodeo", "Get Ya Hustle On" and "Way I Be Leanin'". The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 174,000 copies its first week. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Singles

The album's lead single "Rodeo"; it was produced by Cool & Dre was released. The single had charted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at a modest number 41.

The album's second single "Get Ya Hustle On"; it was produced by Donald XL Robertson was released. The song descrides as a scathing indictment for the local government and the media's response from the 2005's Hurricane Katrina, including lyrics such as "the mayor ain't your friend, he's the enemy-just to get your vote, a saint is what he pretend to be" and "fuck foxnews I don't listen to y'all ass, couldn't get a nigga off the roof when the storm passed."

Animal (R.I.O. song)

"Animal" is a Euro-House track by German Dance-Band R.I.O., featuring vocals from Pop, R&B and Hip-Hop singer U-Jean. The song was written by Yann Peifer, Manuel Reuter and Andres Ballinas. It was released in Germany as a digital download on 2 December 2011. The song's chorus features a re-creation of the synth riff from Levels by Avicii while R.I.O. and U-Jean overdub a new vocal hook.

Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Animal" was first released onto YouTube on 29 November 2011 at a total length of three minutes and forty-two seconds.

Track listing

Credits and personnel

Charts

Release history

References

External links