Atlas

An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a map of Earth or a region of Earth, but there are atlases of the other planets (and their satellites) in the Solar System. Furthermore, atlases of anatomy exist, mapping out the human body or other organisms. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographic features and political boundaries, many atlases often feature geopolitical, social, religious and economic statistics. They also have information about the map and places in it.

Etymology

The word atlas dates from 1636, first in reference to the English translation of Atlas, sive cosmographicae meditationes de fabrica mundi (1585) by Flemish geographer Gerhardus Mercator, who might have been the first to use this word in this way. A picture of the Titan Atlas holding up the world appeared on the frontispiece of this and other early map collections.

History

The first work that contained systematically arranged woodcut maps of uniform size, intended to be published in a book, thus representing the first modern atlas, was De Summa totius Orbis (1524–26) by the 16th-century Italian cartographer Pietro Coppo. Nonetheless, this distinction is conventionally awarded to the Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius who in 1570 published the collection of maps Theatrum Orbis Terrarum.

Atlas (topology)

In mathematics, particularly topology, one describes a manifold using an atlas. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. If the manifold is the surface of the Earth, then an atlas has its more common meaning. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fibre bundles.

Charts

The definition of an atlas depends on the notion of a chart. A chart for a topological space M (also called a coordinate chart, coordinate patch, coordinate map, or local frame) is a homeomorphism from an open subset U of M to an open subset of Euclidean space. The chart is traditionally recorded as the ordered pair .

Formal definition of atlas

An atlas for a topological space M is a collection of charts on M such that . If the codomain of each chart is the n-dimensional Euclidean space and the atlas is connected, then M is said to be an n-dimensional manifold.

SM-65 Atlas

The SM-65 Atlas was the first operational intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed by the United States, and the first member of the Atlas rocket family. It was built for the U.S. Air Force by Convair Division of General Dynamics at the Kearny Mesa assembly plant north of San Diego, California. Atlas became operational as an ICBM in October 1959 and was used as a first stage for satellite launch vehicles for half a century. The Atlas missile's warhead was over 100 times more powerful than the bomb dropped over Nagasaki in 1945.

An initial development contract was given to Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (Convair) on 16 January 1951 for what was then called MX-1593, but at a relatively low priority. The 1953 testing of the first dry fuel H-bomb in the Soviet Union led to the project being dramatically accelerated. The initial design completed by Convair in 1953 was larger than the missile that eventually entered service. Estimated warhead weight was lowered from 8,000 lb (3,630 kg) to 3,000 lb (1,360 kg) based on highly favorable U.S. nuclear warhead tests in early 1954, and on 14 May 1954 the Atlas program was formally given the highest national priority. A major development and test contract was awarded to Convair on 14 January 1955 for a 10-foot (3 m) diameter missile to weigh about 250,000 lb (113,400 kg). Atlas development was tightly controlled by the Air Force's Western Development Division, WDD, later part of the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division. Contracts for warhead, guidance and propulsion were handled separately by WDD. The first successful flight of a highly instrumented Atlas missile to full range occurred 28 November 1958. Atlas ICBMs were deployed operationally from 31 October 1959 to 12 April 1965.

Last Train to Paris

Last Train to Paris is the fifth studio album by American rapper and record producer Diddy. It was released on December 13, 2010, by Bad Boy Records and Interscope Records. The album describes Diddy's alter-ego, as he travels from London to Paris, to regain his lost love. It also introduces the world to Diddy's R&B/Hip-Hop collective, Diddy – Dirty Money, a group consisting of Dawn Richard (formerly from a group Danity Kane) and singer-songwriter Kalenna Harper. Diddy – Dirty Money performed on the album, alongside a total of sixteen guest vocalists, who range from Grace Jones and Lil Wayne, among others.

The reflection conjures the concept of the album, Last Train to Paris also features vocal segues from designers and editors of the fashion world, including Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour and Tommy Hilfiger. The executive producers on the album are Rodney Jerkins, Diddy, Mario Winans and Herve Pierre, Last Train to Paris is predominately hip hop, but incorporates elements of Eurodance, Italo disco and tech house. It marks Diddy's debut with Interscope Records, after he moved his label (Bad Boy) from Atlantic Records in 2009. The album cover is a photograph at Centre Georges Pompidou (Paris, France) taken by Australian cricket writer and photographer Jarrod "Jrod" Kimber.Last Train to Paris was generally well received by critics who praised the addition of Richard and Harper to help Diddy innovate a new sound and produce some unique records.

Angels (Within Temptation song)

"Angels" is a song by Dutch band Within Temptation from their third studio album, The Silent Force. It was released as the third single from the album on 13 June 2005, also accompanying a music video. The video earned the band a Golden God Award on the following year.

Track listing

Music video

The video is shot in a desert in Spain. It tells the story of a group of vigilante angels who make it their mission to wipe out evil. Sharon den Adel is a woman who has been seemingly abandoned on the side of the road in the middle of nowhere. She accepts a lift from a priest, who takes her back to his home. The priest is in fact a demonic serial killer, who adopts different disguises to get to his victims. All of these disguises are trustworthy people, like a doctor, a police officer, a clown, judge, or a priest. As Sharon stumbles upon a board full of newspaper clippings in the killers home, which are about his previous victims, he seemingly overpowers her with chloroform. He takes a tied up Sharon to the middle of the desert to bury her alive. However, Sharon immediately awakens as the other angels approach (the other band members) and is revealed to also be one of the angels, who was left at the side of the road as bait for the serial killer, during which time the rest of the vigilantes appear and the killer is confronted with the spirits of his victims, who destroy him. The vigilantes then move onto their next target.

Angels (nightclub)

Angels was a nightclub and music venue in Burnley, England. It became most famous during the early 1990s with the rise of the house music scene, drawing visitors from across the United Kingdom. It occupied part of a multi-storey car park on Curzon St, currently the site of another car park and Wilko store.

Carl Cox, Paul Oakenfold, Pete Tong, Sasha, Judge Jules, all regularly DJ'd, and there were also memorable appearances from Boy George and Nigel Benn. Anne Savage had her first UK residency at Angels, under her contemporary pseudonym 'DJ Fresh'.

DJ Paul Taylor also held a residency at the club, throughout the 1990s, and originated his "Retro" club night there.

History

June 1974 saw the official opening of Angels by TV's Pan's People and the Mayor of Burnley. In 1992 the first episode of the long-running late-night dance music show BPM featured footage from Angels with Dave Seaman DJing. Footage of the event can be found on YouTube. When Pete Waterman visited Angels in 1994, to scout for his TV show The Hit Man and Her, he received so much hassle from the clubgoers that he changed his mind.

DUB (magazine)

DUB, founded in January 2000, is a North American magazine covering urban custom car culture and also features celebrities and their vehicles.

The magazine also launched the DUB Magazine Custom Auto Show & Concert, a nationwide car show and concert tour that spans 16 United States cities. DUB now has many licensed goods that include Jada Toys' DUB City die-cast and radio controlled vehicles, DUB Edition car accessories, and Rockstar Games' Midnight Club 3: DUB Edition video game.

The term "DUB" is street slang for custom wheels 20" or larger in diameter and was popularized through hip hop music.

DUB was founded by Myles Kovacs, Haythem Haddad, and Herman Flores, who continue to head the company located in Industry, California.

See also

External links