Ang (surname)
Ang is a Hokkien and Teochew romanization of the Chinese surnames Wang (汪, Wāng) and Hong (洪, Hóng).
Distribution
In mainland China and Taiwan, names are recorded in Chinese characters and officially romanized using Hanyu Pinyin.
However, Ang was the 12th-most-common surname among Chinese Singaporeans in the year 2000. In Southeast Asia, most of the Ang descendents have settled in Singapore and Penang. Their ancestors came from mainland China, mostly from Fujian, and some of their history could be traced up to four generations. A significant number of Ang descendents could be found in the Philippines. In the United States, it is much less common: the surname ranked 18,359th in 1990 and 11,317th in the year 2000.
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Angé
Angé is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher département in central France.
Population
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ANG
Ang, ANG or Äng may refer to the following items:
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Angiogenin
Angiogenin (Ang) also known as ribonuclease 5 is a small 123 amino acid protein that in humans is encoded by the ANG gene. Angiogenin is a potent stimulator of new blood vessels through the process of angiogenesis. Ang hydrolyzes cellular RNA, resulting in modulated levels of protein synthesis and interacts with DNA causing a promoter-like increase in the expression of rRNA. Ang is associated with cancer and neurological disease through angiogenesis and through activating gene expression that suppresses apoptosis.
Function
Angiogenin is a key protein implicated in angiogenesis in normal and tumor growth. Angiogenin interacts with endothelial and smooth muscle cells resulting in cell migration, invasion, proliferation and formation of tubular structures. Ang binds to actin of both smooth muscle and endothelial cells to form complexes that activate proteolytic cascades which upregulate the production of proteases and plasmin that degrade the laminin and fibronectin layers of the basement membrane. Degradation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix allows the endothelial cells to penetrate and migrate into the perivascular tissue. Signal transduction pathways activated by Ang interactions at the cellular membrane of endothelial cells produce extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B/Akt. Activation of these proteins leads to invasion of the basement membrane and cell proliferation associated with further angiogenesis. The most important step in the angiogenesis process is the translocation of Ang to the cell nucleus. Once Ang has been translocated to the nucleus, it enhances rRNA transcription by binding to the CT-rich (CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCCCTC) angiogenin binding element (ABE) within the upstream intergenic region of rDNA, which subsequently activates other angiogenic factors that induce angiogenesis.
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