AMBER
AMBER (an acronym for Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement) is a family of force fields for molecular dynamics of biomolecules originally developed by Peter Kollman's group at the University of California, San Francisco. AMBER is also the name for the molecular dynamics software package that simulates these force fields. It is maintained by an active collaboration between David Case at Rutgers University, Tom Cheatham at the University of Utah, Tom Darden at NIEHS, Ken Merz at Michigan State University, Carlos Simmerling at Stony Brook University, Ray Luo at UC Irvine, and Junmei Wang at Encysive Pharmaceuticals.
Force field
The term "AMBER force field" generally refers to the functional form used by the family of AMBER force fields. This form includes a number of parameters; each member of the family of AMBER force fields provides values for these parameters and has its own name.
Functional form
The functional form of the AMBER force field is
![+\sum _{\text{torsions}}\sum _{n}{\frac {1}{2}}V_{n}[1+\cos(n\omega -\gamma )]](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/6/b3/74ec604269df35001d9b8-d751b7.png)
![+\sum _{j=1}^{N-1}\sum _{i=j+1}^{N}f_{ij}{\biggl \{}\epsilon _{ij}{\biggl [}\left({\frac {r_{0ij}}{r_{ij}}}\right)^{12}-2\left({\frac {r_{0ij}}{r_{ij}}}\right)^{6}{\biggr ]}+{\frac {q_{i}q_{j}}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r_{ij}}}{\biggr \}}](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/2/54/0d42465cf922c07d032a9-8429d2.png)
Note that despite the term force field, this equation defines the potential energy of the system; the force is the derivative of this potential with respect to position.
Amber (processor core)
The Amber processor core is an open-source ARM-compatible 32-bit RISC processor. It is hosted on the OpenCores website and is part of a movement to develop a library of open source hardware intellectual property. The Amber core is fully compatible with the ARMv2 instruction set and is therefore supported by the GNU toolchain. This older version of the ARM instruction set is supported because it is not covered by patents so can be implemented without a license from ARM Holdings, unlike some previous open source projects. The Amber project provides a complete embedded FPGA system incorporating the Amber core and a number of peripherals, including UARTs, timers and an Ethernet MAC.
There are two versions of the core provided in the Amber project. The Amber 23 has a 3-stage pipeline, a unified instruction and data cache, a Wishbone interface, and is capable of 0.75 DMIPS per MHz. The Amber 25 has a 5-stage pipeline, separate data and instruction caches, a Wishbone interface, and is capable of 1.0 DMIPS per MHz. Both cores implement exactly the same ISA and are 100% software compatible.
Amber Liu (singer)
Amber Josephine Liu (born September 18, 1992), also known as Amber, is a Chinese American rapper and singer currently active in South Korea. She is a member of the South Korean girl group f(x). She debuted as a solo artist in February 2015 with the release of her EP, Beautiful.
Early life
Amber was born on September 18, 1992 in Los Angeles, California. Her parents are from Taiwan and her father has Teochew ancestry. She has one older sister named Jackie. She attended El Camino Real High School in Los Angeles prior to moving to South Korea to be a trainee under S.M. Entertainment.
Career
F(x)
Amber was cast from S.M. Entertainment's Los Angeles global audition in 2008, where she and one male were selected to be trainees for SM Entertainment. After a year and a half of training, she debuted under the new South Korean girl group f(x) in September 2009. During an episode of the group's reality show, Go f(x), Amber revealed that her parents initially had mixed feelings regarding her music career. She stated: "My dad was very cautious, at first ...but then my mom was always supportive from the beginning. I really thank her and she also convinced my dad".
Shades (1999 film)
Shades is a 1999 Belgian film directed by Erik Van Looy and written by Looy, Paul Breuls and Guy Lee Thys. The story is loosely inspired on the Belgian murderer Freddy Horion and his escape from prison in 1982.
Music for the film was composed by Alex Callier of Belgian band Hooverphonic, who performed the theme of the film.
Cast
External links
Shades (Dayna Manning album)
Shades is a 2002 album released by Canadian singer-songwriter Dayna Manning. It followed her debut release, Volume 1, and was released on EMI Music Canada. The song "Miracle" from the album was released as a single and video, and was included on the December 2002 compilation Women & Songs 6, which reached #7 on the Top Canadian Albums chart.
Production
After her first album in 1997,Dayna Manning had been nominated for the 1998 Juno Award for Best New Artist, but then didn't release anything for several years while she toured North America.Shades, her second album, was recorded in Los Angeles at Cello Studios with Red Hot Chili Peppers producer Jim Scott, and with additional production by Dave Hodge.
Release
Shades was released in October 2002 on EMI, and rereleased on January 1, 2007. The song "Miracle" from the album was released in 2002 as a single and video. "Miracle" was included on the December 2002 compilation Women & Songs 6, which also included tracks by artists such as Vanessa Carlton, Madonna, and Sheryl Crow. The compilation, released on WEA International, became the best-selling album in the Women & Songs franchise, and reached #7 on the Top Canadian Albums chart.
Shades (Yellowjackets album)
Shades (1986) is the 4th studio album from the jazz group Yellowjackets, and their first of four for the MCA label. The album's first track, "And You Know That" won the "Best R&B Instrumental" Grammy Award.
The album features the original recording of the Yellowjackets' live staple "Revelation" (featuring vocal group Perri) as well as the Donald Fagen-penned title track.
Track listing
Tracks 9,10 are CD release only
Personnel
Guest Musicians:
Production
Peel (Western Australia)
Coordinates: 32°31′47″S 115°43′30″E / 32.52972°S 115.72500°E / -32.52972; 115.72500
The Peel region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located on the west coast of Western Australia, about 75 km south of the state capital, Perth. It consists of the City of Mandurah, and the Shires of Boddington, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale and Waroona.
It has a total area of 6,648 km², and a population of about 88,000 people, of whom around two-thirds live in Mandurah
The economy of the Peel region is dominated by mining and mineral processing; the area has large reserves of bauxite, some gold and mineral sands, and an aluminium refinery. Other important economic sectors include agriculture and a substantial equine industry.
Before European settlement, the Peel region was inhabited by Indigenous Australians, specifically the Pindjarup dialect group of the Noongar people. Shortly after the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, part of the northern coastal area of the Peel region was settled under a program known as the Peel Settlement Scheme, organised by Thomas Peel. However the scheme was poorly administered, and many settlers died of malnutrition in the first few months. The surviving settlers abandoned the area, with some moving inland where they found fertile soil.
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