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In law, an alien is a person in a country who is not a citizen of that country.[1]
Contents |
Categorization [link]
Types of "alien" persons are:
- An alien who is legally permitted to remain in a country which is foreign to him or her. On specified terms, this kind of alien may be called a legal alien of that country. This is a very broad category which includes tourists, guest workers, legal permanent residents and student visa resident aliens.
- An alien who has temporary or permanent residence in a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a resident alien of that country. This is a subset of the aforementioned legal alien category.
- An alien who is visiting a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a nonresident alien of that country. This is a subset of the aforementioned legal alien category.
- An alien who is present in a country (which is foreign to him/her) unlawfully or without the country's authorization is known as an illegal alien of that country.[2] An undocumented alien commonly refers to a foreign national who resides in another country unlawfully, either by entering that country at a place other than a designated port-of-entry or as result of the expiration of a non-immigrant visa.
- An enemy alien is an alien who is a national of an enemy country.
Specific jurisdictions [link]
 |
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010) |
- In Australia, alien status is regarded in relationship to citizenship status. The following documents normally constitute evidence of Australian citizenship:
- a valid Australian passport
- a birth certificate issued by or on behalf of an Australian state or territory (only for those born before 20 August 1986)
- a certificate of evidence of Australian citizenship
- an Australian naturalisation certificate
- a certificate of Australian citizenship by descent
Some people who live in Australia are not Australian citizens - they are either permanent residents; temporary residents; or illegal residents (technically called "unlawful-non citizens").[3] Most non-citizens (i.e. those who lack citizenship documents) travelling to Australia must obtain a visa prior to travel. The only exceptions to this rule are members of the British royal family, and holders of New Zealand passports and citizenships who may apply for visas after travel according to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. [4]
- In Latvian passports, alien is used for non-citizens (nepilsoņi): former citizens of USSR who don't have voting rights for parliament of Latvia but have specific rights and privileges under Latvian law and international bilateral treaties like they are simultaneously allowed to travel without visas both to EU and Russia, that is not possible for citizens.
- In the United Kingdom, alien means a person who is not:[5][6]
- a British citizen
- a citizen of Ireland,
- a Commonwealth citizen, or
- a British protected person.
- In U.S. law, an alien is "any person not a citizen or national of the United States."[7] The U.S. Government's use of alien dates back to 1798, when it was used in the Alien and Sedition Acts.[8] U.S. law makes a clear distinction between aliens and immigrants by defining immigrants as a subset of aliens.[7] Although U.S. law provides no overarching explicit definition of the term "illegal alien," the term is used in many statutes[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and elsewhere (e.g., court cases, executive orders). U.S. law also uses the term "unauthorized alien."[18][19][20][21][22] U.S. immigration laws do not refer to illegal immigrants, but in common parlance the term "illegal immigrant" is often used to refer to any illegal alien.[23] Because at law, a corporation is a person, the term alien is not limited to natural humans because what are colloquially called foreign corporations are technically called alien corporations. Because corporations are creations of local state law, a foreign corporation is an out of state corporation.
Etymology [link]
"Alien" is derived from the Latin alienus, meaning stranger, alien, foreign. Similar words in other languages are also derived from it, for example Italian "Aliense". Among others, "Aliense" was the sobriquet of the Sixteenth Century painter Antonio Vassilacchi, (1556 – 1629), who was so named because of being a Greek who spent most of his life and artistic career in Venice.
See also [link]
- Dual citizen
- Enemy alien
- Immigration
- Naturalization
- Gaikokujin
- California Alien Land Law of 1913
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- Non-citizens (Latvia)
- Illegal immigration
References [link]
- ^ ""alien"". Dictionary.law.com. December 9, 2010. https://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?typed=alien&type=1. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ ""illegal alien"". Dictionary.reference.com. https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/illegal%20alien. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ Key Issue 5. Citizenship Fact Sheet 5.2 Citizenship in Australia https://www.cccs.law.unimelb.edu.au/download.cfm?DownloadFile=98E80E9C Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ^ "Australia's Visitor and Temporary Entry Provisions". Joint Standing Committee on Migration, Parliament of Australia. 27 September 1999. https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/mig/report/olympics/Chap2.pdf. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
- ^ section 51, British Nationality Act 1981
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ a b 8 USC 1101
- ^ "Alien and Sedition Acts". Ourdocuments.gov. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=16. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "2 USC 658". Cornell University Law School. February 22, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode02/usc_sec_02_00000658----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1252c". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001252---c000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1330". March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001330----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1356". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001356----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1365". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001365----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1366". Cornell University Law School. September 30, 1996. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001366----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1621". Cornell University Law School. August 22, 1996. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001621----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "42 USC 6705". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode42/usc_sec_42_00006705----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "49 USC 40125". Cornell University Law School. November 1, 1999. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode49/usc_sec_49_00040125----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1188". Cornell University Law School. June 1, 1986. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001188----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1255". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001255----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1324". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1324a". Cornell University Law School. November 6, 1986. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324---a000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "8 USC 1324b". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324---b000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "Immigration Coverage in the Crossfire" Deborah Howell, March 2, 2008, The Washington Post
External links [link]
- Resident Alien Information
- Aliens (Encyclopedic Entry)
- D. C. Earnest Noncitizen Voting Rights: A Survey of an Emerging Democratic Norm, 2003
- University of Minnesota Human Rights Center: Study Guide: The Rights of Non-Citizens, 2003
- UK Aliens' registration cards on The National Archives' website.
- Council of Europe Commission for Democracy through Law Report on noncitizens and minority rights, 2007
- The rights of non-citizens, UN OHCHR, 2006
- https://www.illegalaliennewsupdate.com
https://wn.com/Alien_(law)
Alien (creature in Alien franchise)
The "Alien" (also referred to as a "Xenomorph") is a fictional endoparasitoid extraterrestrial arthropodal species that is the eponymous antagonist of the Alien film series. The species made its debut in the film Alien (1979), and reappeared in the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien: Resurrection (1997), as well as the crossover franchise Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007). A similar creature of a slightly different design also briefly appears in the Ridley Scott film Prometheus (2012). In addition, the Alien appears in various literature and video game spin-offs from the franchises.
Unlike many other extraterrestrial races in science fiction, the Aliens lack a technological civilization and are predatory creatures with no higher goals than the propagation of their species and the ultimate destruction of lifeforms that could pose a threat to them. Like wasps or termites, Aliens are eusocial, with a single fertile queen breeding a caste of warriors. The Aliens' biological life cycle involves traumatic implantation of endoparasitoid larvae inside living hosts; these larvae erupt from the host's chest or intestines after a short incubation period, rapidly mature from juvenile into adulthood, and seek out more hosts for implantation.
Alien Nine
Alien Nine (エイリアン9 Eirian Nain) is a manga series by Hitoshi Tomizawa, which was later adapted into an anime OVA series by J.C.Staff. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Young Champion magazine, spanning 3 volumes. In 2003, Tomizawa released a 1-volume sequel to the series called Alien 9 Emulators. Both the manga and anime are noted for their moe art style contrasting the realistic art style seen in most seinen series at the time and heavy violence despite the young main characters, Pokémon-like monster designs, and initial appearances of a slice-of-life-esque series.
The English adaptation of the series was first licensed by Central Park Media, and has played on Comcast's Anime Selects. Central Park Media released the title under their "US Manga Corps" line, on a single DVD, and later re-released the DVD in a box set with all three manga volumes, which was also licensed by Central Park Media under their "CPM Manga" line. Central Park Media filed for bankruptcy in 2009, and the DVDs and manga volumes have since been out of print, but still in-stock at most online retailers.
Dance (Lollipop F album)
DANCE is Taiwanese Mandopop quartet boyband Lollipop F's fifth studio Mandarin album. It was released on 20 October 2011 by Gold Typhoon (Taiwan). This album is the group's second release under the name "Lollipop F".
There are four versions were release including Dance - LolliPARTY Version (DANCE - LolliPARTY 版), which includes with an interactive DVD, for Dance - Dancing City Version (DANCE - Dancing City 版), it comes with an air cushion and a pillow case randomly picked from four available designs, and for Dance - Let's Go! Champion Edition (DANCE - 一起衝冠軍盤), it comes with a bonus track - the new Lollipop F friendship anthem "We'll Go Together", plus 5 collectible photo cards randomly picked from a set of 20.
The person who choreographed some of the dance moves on this album also worked for megastars like Ayumi Hamasaki, Koda Kumi and SMAP.
Track listing
References
Dance (Matisse)
The Dance (La Danse) refers to either of two related paintings made by Henri Matisse between 1909 and 1910. The first, preliminary version is Matisse's study for the second version. The composition or arrangement of dancing figures is reminiscent of Blake's watercolour "Oberon, Titania and Puck with fairies dancing" from 1786.
Dance (I)
In March 1909, Matisse painted a preliminary version of this work, known as Dance (I). It was a compositional study and uses paler colors and less detail. The painting was highly regarded by the artist who once called it "the overpowering climax of luminosity"; it is also featured in the background of Matisse's La Danse with Nasturtiums (1912).
It was donated by Nelson A. Rockefeller in honor of Alfred H. Barr, Jr. to the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Dance
Dance, is a large decorative panel, painted with a companion piece, Music, specifically for the Russian businessman and art collector Sergei Shchukin, with whom Matisse had a long association. Until the October Revolution of 1917, this painting hung together with Music on the staircase of Shchukin's Moscow mansion.
Dance (Ratt song)
"Dance" is a song by American heavy metal band Ratt. It is the first track off their 1986 album Dancing Undercover and the tenth track of their compilation album Ratt & Roll 81-91. It reached #59 on the Billboard Top 100. The song was written by Stephen Pearcy, guitarists Robbin Crosby and Warren DeMartini, and album producer Beau Hill.
The single was featured in the Miami Vice Season 3 episode "Down for the Count" in 1987.
Music video
In the music video for the song, the band is invited to perform by the master of ceremonies (played by comedian and actor Dick Shawn) during a brief interlude at a rock music show at the famed Whisky a Go Go. Ratt is initially reluctant, but the band relents and performs.
Track listing
1. "Dance" - 4:17
2. "Take a Chance" - 4:00
Personnel
See also
Yōsei Teikoku
Yōsei Teikoku (妖精帝國, lit. "Fairy Empire"; German: Das Feenreich) is a five-member Japanese musical unit, formed in 1997 and part of Team Fairithm. Their music mixes elements of gothic rock, heavy metal, electronic and classical music. Their works include the opening tracks of the following anime series: Future Diary, Magical Pokan, Innocent Venus, Kurokami: The Animation, The Qwaser of Stigmata, Mai-HiME videogame, and the Tokyo ESP soundtrack. They have released several independent albums and four major release albums with their current publisher Lantis: Gothic Lolita Propaganda, metanoia, Gothic Lolita Doctrine , Gothic Lolita Agitator, Pax Vesania and Shadow Corps(e).
