Azd

The Azd or Al Azd, are an Arabian tribe. They were a branch of the Kahlan tribe, which was one of the two branches of Qahtan the other being Himyar.

In the ancient times, they inhabited Ma'rib, the capital city of the Sabaean Kingdom in modern-day Yemen. Their lands were irrigated by the Ma'rib Dam, which is thought by some to have been one of the Ancient World Wonders because of its size. When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 1st century AD, a large number of the Azd tribe left Yemen and migrated in many directions.

Azd is also a widely used male name in Yemen.

Azd branches

In the 3rd century AD the Azd branched into four sub-branches, each led by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaiqiya

Imran Bin Amr

Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman, where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia. Later they invaded Karman and Shiraz in Southern Persia, and these came to be known as "Azd Daba". Another branch headed west back to Yemen, and a group went further west all the way to Tihama on the Red Sea. This group was to become known as Azd Uman after Islam.

Osimertinib

Osimertinib (previously known as mereletinib and AZD9291; trade name Tagrisso) is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug developed by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals - for mutated EGFR cancers.

Approvals and indications

In November 2015, after a Priority Review, the US FDA granted accelerated approval to osimertinib for the treatment of metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, which has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

The FDA approval made reference to two clinical trials, in which an EGFR T790M mutation was confirmed by a Cobas EGFR mutation test; osimertinib was given as 80 mg once daily.

References

Cediranib

Cediranib (AZD-2171; tentative trade name Recentin) is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases.

The drug is being developed by AstraZeneca as a possible anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent for oral administration.

Beginning in 2007, it underwent Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, and colorectal cancer in adults, as well as tumors of the central nervous system in children. Phase I trials of interactions with other drugs used in cancer treatment were also undertaken.

On February 27, 2008, AstraZeneca announced that the use of cediranib in non-small cell lung cancer will not progress into phase III after failing to meet its main goal. On 8 March 2010, AstraZeneca issued a press-release stating that cediranib had failed Phase III clinical trials for use in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer when it was compared clinically with the market-leader bevacizumab. As of November 2012, it was being assessed in double-blind studies for the treatment of methylated Glioblastoma Multiforme at the University of Washington Medical Center at a 20 mg daily dose.

Lanicemine

Lanicemine (AZD6765) is a low-trapping NMDA receptor antagonist developed by AstraZeneca, which was being studied for the management of severe and treatment-resistant depression. It was originally developed as a neuroprotective agent, but was redeveloped as an antidepressant following the observation that the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine has potent antidepressant effects, but also has hallucinogenic side effects which make it unsuitable for use as an antidepressant in most circumstances. Lanicemine differs from ketamine in that it is a low-trapping NMDA receptor antagonist, showing similar rapid-acting antidepressant effects to ketamine in clinical trials but with little or no psychotomimetic side effects. However, lanicemine did not meet study endpoints, and its development was terminated by AstraZeneca in 2013.

See also

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