Al-Qadir

Al-Qadir (947 – 29 November 1031) (Arabic: القادر‎) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 991 to 1031. Grandson of al-Muqtadir, he was chosen in place of the deposed Caliph, at-Ta'i, his cousin. Banished from the capital, Baghdad, earlier, he was now recalled and appointed to the office he had long desired. He held the Caliphate for 40 years. It was during his Caliphate that Mahmud of Ghazni arose, threatening the empire; and but for the conflicts that broke out in Mahmud's family upon his death, the Buwayhid kingdom, paralysed by damaging war, would have been swallowed. The global Muslim population had climbed to about 4 per cent as against the Christian population of 10 per cent by 1000.

Al-Qadir is noted for taking the lead in the Sunni struggle against Isma'ili Shi'ism. He helped Sunnis set up their own festivals to rival the Shi'a celebrations and made the Hanbali school the official Muslim position. Mohammad Arkoun considers his decrees against heresies such as the createdness of the Qur'an, which effectively outlawed the mu'tazila school, as sounding the death knell for philosophy in Islamic thought. Ibn Rushd (Averroës), who died in 1198, is considered by Arkoun to be the last significant Muslim philosopher before modern times.

Names of God in Islam

The 99 names of Allah (Arabic: أسماء الله الحسنى‎ Asmāʾ Allāh al-Ḥusnā, Beautiful Names of Allah) are the names of God in Islam.Also, They are described in the Quran and Sunnah, among other places.

According to hadith there is a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a total of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind.

Origin

According to Islamic tradition,Muhammad is said to have invoked God by a number of names. The most common hadith used to cite the 99 names is considered weak, though there are less commonly cited hadith which are considered authentic and also support the same point. A widely accepted hadith in Sahih Muslim states:

Over time, it became custom to recite a list of 99 names, compiled by al-Walid ibn Muslim, as an addendum to the hadith. In 2005, Mahmoud Abdel-Razek compiled an alternative list, endorsing only 69 from the al-Walid list.