Fluid

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. Fluids can be defined as substances that have zero shear modulus or in simpler terms a fluid is a substance which cannot resist any shear force applied to it.

Although the term "fluid" includes both the liquid and gas phases, in common usage, "fluid" is often used as a synonym for "liquid", with no implication that gas could also be present. For example, "brake fluid" is hydraulic oil and will not perform its required incompressible function if there is gas in it. This colloquial usage of the term is also common in medicine and in nutrition ("take plenty of fluids").

Liquids form a free surface (that is, a surface not created by the container) while gases do not. The distinction between solids and fluid is not entirely obvious. The distinction is made by evaluating the viscosity of the substance. Silly Putty can be considered to behave like a solid or a fluid, depending on the time period over which it is observed. It is best described as a viscoelastic fluid. There are many examples of substances proving difficult to classify. A particularly interesting one is pitch, as demonstrated in the pitch drop experiment currently running at the University of Queensland.

Fluid (disambiguation)

A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.

Fluid may also refer to:

See also

Rushes (album)

Rushes is a 1998 ambient techno album by The Fireman, a duo consisting of Paul McCartney and producer Youth.

Recording

One line of lyrics included in the song "Palo Verde" was taken from an unreleased track of McCartney's, titled "Let Me Love You Always". Similarly, bits from another unreleased song, "Hey Now (What Are You Looking at Me For?)", was used in "Bison", "Auraveda" and "7 a.m.". Both unreleased tracks were recorded at some point during 1995, at McCartney's The Mill studio. In an edition of Club Sandwich magazine, two more songs were mentioned: "Plum Jam" and "Through the Marshes". All of the tracks featured on the album were recorded early 1998.

Release and reception

Better received than predecessor Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest, Rushes is distinguished by not relying so much on McCartney's previous recordings.

Rushes was released in the UK on Hydra on 21 September 1998, while in the US it was released on Capitol on 20 October 1998. The album was also released on double vinyl. Two 12" singles were released from the album, both mixes of "Fluid". The first 12", released on the same day as and with the same name as the album, contains the tracks "Fluid", "Appletree Cinnabar Amber", and an extended version of an album track titled "Bison (Long One)". The second 12" was released in 1999, as a limited edition of 3000, titled Fluid (Nitin Sawhney Remixes), and features three remixes of "Fluid" ("Fluid (Out of Body and Mind Mix)", "Fluid (Out of Body Mix)" and "Fluid (Out of Body with Sitar Mix)") and the album version of "Bison". Like the duo's first album,Rushes was a no-show on the charts and is also no longer in print.

AIC

AIC may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

Business

Charitable organizations

Computing

Akaike information criterion

The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is a measure of the relative quality of statistical models for a given set of data. Given a collection of models for the data, AIC estimates the quality of each model, relative to each of the other models. Hence, AIC provides a means for model selection.

AIC is founded on information theory: it offers a relative estimate of the information lost when a given model is used to represent the process that generates the data. In doing so, it deals with the trade-off between the goodness of fit of the model and the complexity of the model.

AIC does not provide a test of a model in the sense of testing a null hypothesis; i.e. AIC can tell nothing about the quality of the model in an absolute sense. If all the candidate models fit poorly, AIC will not give any warning of that.

Definition

Suppose that we have a statistical model of some data. Let L be the maximum value of the likelihood function for the model; let k be the number of estimated parameters in the model. Then the AIC value of the model is the following.

Anime International Company

Anime International Company, Inc. (株式会社アニメインターナショナルカンパニー, Kabushiki gaisha Anime Intānashonaru Kanpanī), often abbreviated as AIC, is a Japanese animation studio with headquarters in the AIC Digital Building in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan.

History

The company was founded on July 15, 1982. In addition to producing anime for domestic consumption in Japan, AIC has provided animation assistance on other animated series such as Inspector Gadget. AIC has eight divisions named AIC ASTA (2003, previously: AIC A.S.T.A.), AIC Build (2010), AIC Classic (2010), AIC Digital (2003, headquarters), AIC Frontier (June, 2012), AIC PLUS+ (2006), AIC Spirits (2003) and AIC Takarazuka (2006). As of June 2006, AIC has commenced a joint-project with Singapore's NTU to develop the CACANI system, a software that generates in between from keyframes.

Works

Some of the titles on the following lists were originally produced by Artmic before that company went out of business. Only the titles now owned by AIC are listed.