Afrika may refer to:
"Afrika" is a B-side song of the third single by Serbian new wave band Električni Orgazam and the second single from the Lišće prekriva Lisabon album. The lead vocals on the track were done by Ljubomir Đukić. The song was never covered but appeared on live releases and compilations.
Both tracks written by Srđan Gojković
Afrika (real name Sergei Bugaev) (born 28 March 1966) is a Russian artist.
He was born in Novorossiysk, on the Black Sea, and in the early 1980s moved to Leningrad, where he met and became friends with leaders of the art scene there, such as the painter Timur Novikov and musician Boris Grebenshchikov. Shortly thereafter he adopted the artistic moniker "Afrika" and began working as an artist himself. In 1987 he starred as Bananan, the lead character in the groundbreakingly avant garde film Assa by Russian film director Sergei Solovyov.
Afrika works mainly in performance and installation art. His 1993 project "Krimania" took the form of an initial performance, which involved the artist spending three weeks in a mental institution in Simferopol, Crimea, at the end of which he staged an exhibition for the patients and staff of the hospital.
The second part of the project was a major exhibition at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna (MAK), entitled "Krimania: Icons, Monuments, Mazáfaka." The work addresses the issue of collective versus individual identity of the Soviet citizen after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
PMA may mean:
PCA: The Power Calibration Area is used to determine the correct power level for the laser.
PMA: The Program Memory Area of a CDRW is a record of the data recorded on an unfinished or unfinalized disc.
It is used as a transition TOC while the session is still open.
PMA records may contain information on up to 99 audio tracks and their start and stop times (CD-DA),
or sector addresses for the start of data files for each session on a data CD.
PA: The Program Area contains the audio tracks or data files.
Each session on a multi-session disc has a corresponding lead-in, PMA, PA and lead-out.
When the session is closed TOC information in the PMA is written into a lead-in area and the PCA and PMA
are logically eliminated.
The lead-out is created to mark the end of the data in the session.
SUA: The System User Area The PCA and the PMA grouped together are sometimes denoted as the System User Area.
The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three-term U.S. Senator from New York. In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C. Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs. The act has been amended many times, most recently to add requirements about bioterrorism preparations.
The introduction of this act was influenced by the death of more than 100 patients due to a sulfanilamide medication where diethylene glycol was used to dissolve the drug and make a liquid form. See Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster. It replaced the earlier Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.