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| Vulcano | |
|---|---|
 View of Vulcano from the island of Lipari. |
|
| Elevation | 501 m (1,644 ft) |
| Location | |
| Location | Aeolian Islands, Italy |
| Coordinates | 38°24′15″N 14°57′57″E / 38.4042°N 14.9658°ECoordinates: 38°24′15″N 14°57′57″E / 38.4042°N 14.9658°E |
| Geology | |
| Type | Complex Stratovolcanoes |
| Last eruption | 1890 |
Vulcano (Sicilian: Vurcanu) is a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 25 km north of Sicily and the southernmost of the eight Aeolian Islands. It is 21 square kilometers in area, rises to 499 meters, and contains several volcanic centers, including one of four active non-submarine volcanoes in Italy.
Contents |
History [link]
The Roman name for the island Vulcano has contributed the word for volcano in most modern European languages. The Romans used the island mainly for raw materials, harvesting wood and mining alum and sulfur. This was the principal activity on the island until the end of the 19th Century.
When the Bourbon rule collapsed in 1860 (see Francis II of the Two Sicilies) a British man named James Stevenson bought the northern part of the island, built a villa, reopened the local mines and planted vineyards for grapes that would later be used to make Malmsey wine. Stevenson lived on Vulcano until the last major eruption on the island, in 1888. The eruption lasted the better part of two years, by which time Stevenson had sold all of his property to the local populace, and never returned to the island. The villa is still intact.
Currently, around 470 people live on the island, mainly deriving their income from tourism. It is a few minutes hydrofoil ride from Lipari and has several hotels and cafes, the important attractions being the beaches, hot springs and sulfur mud baths.
Geology [link]
The volcanic activity in the region is largely the result of the northward-moving African Plate meeting the Eurasian Plate. There are three volcanic centres on the island:
- At the southern end of the island are old stratovolcano cones, Monte Aria (501 m), Monte Saraceno (481 m) and Monte Luccia (188 m), which have partially collapsed into the Il Piano Caldera.
- The most recently active centre is the Gran Cratere at the top of the Fossa cone, the cone having grown in the Lentia Caldera in the middle of the island, and has had at least 9 major eruptions in the last 6000 years.
- At the north of the island is Vulcanello, 123 metres high, and is connected to the rest of it by an isthmus which is flooded in bad weather. It emerged from the sea during an eruption in 183 BC as a separate islet. Occasional eruptions from its three cones with both pyroclastic flow deposits and lavas occurred from then until 1550, the last eruption creating a narrow isthmus connecting it to Vulcano.
Vulcano has been quiet since the eruption of the Fossa cone on 3 August 1888 to 1890, which deposited about 5 metres of pyroclastic material on the summit. The style of eruption seen on the Fossa cone is called a Vulcanian eruption, being the explosive emission of pyroclastic fragments of viscous magmas caused by the high viscosity preventing gases from escaping easily. This eruption of Vulcano was carefully documented at the time by Giuseppe Mercalli.
Mythology [link]
The Ancient Greeks named the island Therassía (Θηρασία) and Thérmessa (Θέρμεσσα, source of heat). The island appeared in their myths as the private workshop of the Olympian god Hephaestus, protector of the blacksmiths; he owned another two at Etna and Olympus. Strabo also mentions Thermessa as sacred place of Hephaestus (ἱερὰ Ἡφαίστου), but it's not clear if it was a third name for the island, or just an adjective.[1]
Similarly the Romans believed that Vulcano was the chimney to the god Vulcan's workshop. The island had grown due to his periodic clearing of cinders and ashes from his forge. The earthquakes that either preceded or accompanied the explosions of ash etc., were considered to be due to Vulcan making weapons for Mars and his armies to wage war. [2]
Since Roman times similar features on Earth have been known as volcans, volcanes and volcanoes. It is also used in connection with similar features on the Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury and other solar system bodies.
See also [link]
Gallery [link]
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References [link]
- ^ Strabo Geographica 1.2.10
- ^ https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/PopCulture/mythology.html
- Ezio Giunta, dir. (2005). "Vulcano". Estateolie 2005*The Essential Guide (English version of Tourist Guidebook): 80–87.
- "Vulcano". Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. https://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-05=. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
External links [link]
Media related to Vulcano (Isola) at Wikimedia Commons
https://wn.com/Vulcano
Volcano (1950 film)
Volcano (Italian title Vulcano) is a 1950 Italian drama film by the director William Dieterle and starring Anna Magnani. It was filmed on location on Salina Island, in the Aeolian Islands, and in Messina, Sicily, Italy.
The film is seen by some as a vehicle of revenge by Magnani against her estranged lover, the director Roberto Rossellini who had chosen Ingrid Bergman to star in his film series about marriage over her. Rossellini filmed his film Stromboli on the nearby volcanic island of Stromboli at the same time as Volcano was being made on Salina.
Both films were shot in similar locales in the Aeolian Islands only 12 miles apart; both actresses played independent-minded roles in a neorealist fashion; and both films were shot simultaneously. Life magazine wrote, "... in an atmosphere crackling with rivalry... Reporters were accredited, like war correspondents, to one or the other of the embattled camps.... Partisanship infected the Via Veneto (boulevard in Rome), where Magnaniacs and Bergmaniacs clashed frequently." However, Magnani still considered Rossellini the "greatest director she ever acted for".
Vulcano (band)
Vulcano is an extreme metal band from Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. Founded in 1981, it is one of the first Brazilian heavy metal bands of note; with reference to their influence on the South American black metal scene, Terrorizer reported that "many believe that Vulcano not only kick-started musical blasphemy in Brazil, but throughout the whole of Latin America". Vulcano is noted as an influence on Sepultura.
History
An extreme metal scene started developing in Brazil, eventually including bands such as Vulcano as well as bands like Sepultura and Sarcófago that became much better known internationally in the 1990s. However, unlike the development of extreme metal scenes in Europe and the United States, Brazil's extreme metal scene did not develop out of much of an existing metal scene, so musicians of early bands like Vulcano had to build a network to promote and support their live performances from scratch. It was also difficult to acquire standard performing equipment.
It was in this environment that Zhema Paul Magrão, Carli Cooper formed Vulcano in 1981. Due to their early date of formation, Vulcano was one of the first black metal / death metal bands in all of Latin America. Their first record "Om Pushne Namah", was released in 1983, and is different from most early extreme metal in that the lyrics were sung in Portuguese, not English. The release of this album also marks the departure of Jose Piloni (drums) from the band. In this early period, it was very difficult to secure live performances, and the band had to produce their own shows, and promotion was limited to pasting up posters, but Vulcano persevered, and moved forward in 1984 to release the demo Devil on My Roof.
