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An adapter or adaptor[1] is a person that adapts or a device that converts attributes of one device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system.
Some adapters may only affect physical attributes:
- An electrical adapter may enable connection of a socket used in one region to a plug used in another by offering connections for the disparate contact arrangements, while not changing the voltage. For more, see: Domestic AC power plugs and sockets.
- A garden hose adapter can convert between threads and quick-release, "snap"-type connections.
- One kind of serial port adapter enables connections between 25-contact and nine-contact connectors, but does not affect electrical power- and signalling-related attributes.
Other adapters may affect electrical attributes:
- A transformer adapts household electric current from high voltage (100 to 240 volts AC) to low voltage suitable for consumer electronics. These adapters will warm through converting alternating current to direct current, but are safe to the environment and can withstand months of continuous prolonged activity.
References [link]
- ^ Both spellings are used in both British and American English. According to all major US dictionaries (listed first below) the spelling adapter is more common in American English. Only a few UK dictionaries (listed below) consider adapter more common, most UK dictionaries - including Chambers, Collins and the OED - list adaptor first.
- "Merriam-Webster:adapter". Merriam-Webster, Inc.. 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adapter. Retrieved 2010-02-07. "Main Entry: adapter. Variant(s): also adaptor. 1 : one that adapts. 2 a : a device for connecting two parts (as of different diameters) of an apparatus b : an attachment for adapting apparatus for uses not originally intended"
- "Random House Dictionary:adapter". Random House, Inc.. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/adapter. Retrieved 2010-02-07. "a⋅dapt⋅er –noun 1. a person or thing that adapts. 2. a connector for joining parts or devices having different sizes, designs, etc., enabling them to be fitted or to work together. 3. an accessory to convert a machine, tool, or part to a new or modified use. Also, a⋅dap⋅tor."
- "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition:adapter". Houghton Mifflin Company. 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/adapter. Retrieved 2010-02-07. "a·dapt·er also a·dap·tor n. 1. One that adapts, such as a device used to effect operative compatibility between different parts of one or more pieces of apparatus. 2. Computer Science A hardware device, such as a printed circuit board, that enables a personal computer to use additional peripheral devices or hardware."
- Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989. "adapter, -or. 1. One who adapts. a. One who fits or suits one thing to another. b. One who modifies or alters a composition to suit it to new purposes. 2. A connecting part: in Chem. a tube to connect two pieces of apparatus; in Optics, a metal ring with screw threads to unite two lengths of a telescope; a ‘sliding fitting’ in an optical instrument."
- "Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary". Cambridge University Press. 2010. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/results.asp?dict=B&searchword=adapter. Retrieved 2010-02-07. "adapter noun (DEVICE) (also adaptor) 1) mainly UK: a type of plug which makes it possible to connect two or more pieces of equipment to the same electrical supply 2) a device which is used to connect two pieces of equipment. adapter noun (WRITER) (also adaptor) a person who makes slight changes to a book, play or other piece of text so that it can be performed"
- "Macmillan English Dictionary". Macmillan Publishers Limited. 2010. https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/adapter. Retrieved 2010-04-14. "adapter noun [countable] /əˈdæptə(r)/ or adaptor an object that allows you to connect two pieces of equipment of different types or sizes a. BRITISH an object that allows you to connect several pieces of electrical equipment to one electricity supply b. an object that allows you to use electrical equipment in countries where there is a different type of electricity supply from your own"
- Oxford Dictionary. "adaptor". Compact Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. https://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/adaptor?view=uk. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
External links [link]
The Wiktionary entry for adapter
https://wn.com/Adapter
Adapter pattern
In software engineering, the adapter pattern is a software design pattern that allows the interface of an existing class to be used from another interface. It is often used to make existing classes work with others without modifying their source code.
Definition
An adapter helps two incompatible interfaces to work together. This is the real world definition for an adapter. Interfaces may be incompatible but the inner functionality should suit the need. The Adapter design pattern allows otherwise incompatible classes to work together by converting the interface of one class into an interface expected by the clients.
Structure
There are two types of adapter patterns:
Object Adapter pattern
In this type of adapter pattern, the adapter contains an instance of the class it wraps. In this situation, the adapter makes calls to the instance of the wrapped object.
Class Adapter pattern
This type of adapter uses multiple polymorphic interfaces implementing or inheriting both the interface that is expected and the interface that is pre-existing. It is typical for the expected interface to be created as a pure interface class, especially in languages such as Java (before jdk 1.8) that do not support multiple inheritance of classes.
Layyah
Layyah (Urdu ليّہ), previously spelled as Leiah, is a small city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil
Geography
It lies between 30–45 to 31–24 deg north latitudes and 70–44 to 71–50 deg east longitudes. The area consists of a semi-rectangular block of sandy land between the Indus River and the Chenab River in Sindh Sagar Doab. The total area covered by the district is 6,291 km2 with a width from east to west of 88 km and a length from north to south of 72 km.
History
The town was founded around 1550 by Kamal Khan, a descendant of Ghazi Khan who laid foundation of Dera Ghazi Khan. Around 1610, the town was taken from the Mirani Rulers by the Jaskani Balochs, who held it until 1787. Abdun Nabi Sarai was appointed Governor by Timur Shah Durrani, but three years later it was included in the Governorship of Muhammad Khan Sadozai, who transferred his seat of Government to Mankera. In 1794, Humayun Shah, the rival claimant to the throne of Kabul, was captured near Layyah and brought into the town, where his eyes were put out by order of Zaman Shah. Under the Sikh Government, the town once more became the centre of administration for the neighbouring tract, and after the British occupation in 1849, was for a time the headquarters of a Civil Administrative Division. This administrative status of Layyah was short-lived and the British reduced it to the level of Tehsil headquarters, making it a part of Dera Ismail Khan. In 1901, Layyah was transferred to the new District of Mianwali. Later on, it was made part of the Muzaffargarh District. In 1982, Layyah Tehsil was upgraded to District headquarters comprising three Tehsils: Layyah, Karor and Chaubara. The municipality was created in 1875.
