MRE11A

Double-strand break repair protein MRE11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRE11A gene.

Function

This gene encodes a nuclear protein involved in homologous recombination, telomere length maintenance, and DNA double-strand break repair. By itself, the protein has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and endonuclease activity. The protein forms a complex with the RAD50 homolog; this complex is required for nonhomologous joining of DNA ends and possesses increased single-stranded DNA endonuclease and 3' to 5' exonuclease activities. In conjunction with a DNA ligase, this protein promotes the joining of noncomplementary ends in vitro using short homologies near the ends of the DNA fragments. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Orthologs of MRE11A

Mre11, an ortholog of human MRE11A, occurs in the prokaryote archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In this organism the Mre11 protein interacts with the Rad50 protein and appears to have an active role in the repair of DNA damages experimentally introduced by gamma radiation. Similarly, during meiosis in the eukaryotic protist Tetrahymena Mre11 is required for repair of DNA damages, in this case double-strand breaks, by a process that likely involves homologous recombination. These observations suggest that human MRE11A is descended from prokaryotic and protist ancestral Mre11 proteins that served a role in early processes for repairing DNA damage.

Meal, Ready-to-Eat

The Meal, Ready-to-Eat – commonly known as the MRE – is a self-contained, individual field ration in lightweight packaging bought by the United States military for its service members for use in combat or other field conditions where organized food facilities are not available. The MRE replaced the canned MCI, or Meal, Combat, Individual rations, in 1981, and is the intended successor to the lighter LRP ration developed by the United States Army for Special Forces and Ranger patrol units in Vietnam.

History

The first soldier ration established by a Congressional Resolution, during the Revolutionary War, consisted of enough food to feed a man for one day, mostly beef, peas, and rice. During the Civil War, the military moved toward canned goods. Later, self-contained kits were issued as a whole ration and contained canned meat, pork, bread, coffee, sugar and salt. During the First World War, canned meats were replaced with lightweight preserved meats (salted or dried) to save weight and allow more rations to be carried by soldiers carrying their supplies on foot. At the beginning of World War II, a number of new field rations were introduced, including the Mountain ration and the Jungle ration. However, cost-cutting measures by Quartermaster Command officials during the latter part of World War II and the Korean War again saw the predominance of heavy canned C rations issued to troops, regardless of operating environment or mission. The use of canned wet rations continued through the Vietnam War, with the improved MCI field ration.

MRE (disambiguation)

MRE is a "Meal, Ready-to-Eat".

MRE may also refer to:

Acids in wine

The acids in wine are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine. They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria. The measure of the amount of acidity in wine is known as the “titratable acidity” or “total acidity”, which refers to the test that yields the total of all acids present, while strength of acidity is measured according to pH, with most wines having a pH between 2.9 and 3.9. Generally, the lower the pH, the higher the acidity in the wine. However, there is no direct connection between total acidity and pH (it is possible to find wines with a high pH for wine and high acidity). In wine tasting, the term “acidity” refers to the fresh, tart and sour attributes of the wine which are evaluated in relation to how well the acidity balances out the sweetness and bitter components of the wine such as tannins. Three primary acids are found in wine grapes: tartaric, malic and citric acids. During the course of winemaking and in the finished wines, acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly found in vinegar, which is volatile and can contribute to the wine fault known as volatile acidity. Sometimes, additional acids, such as ascorbic, sorbic and sulfurous acids, are used in winemaking.

Acid (disambiguation)

An acid is any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH less than 7.0.

Acid or ACID may also refer to:

Science

Computing

Music

Genres

Bands

Acid (band)

Acid was a Japanese rock band originally created by Hideki after Siam Shade disbanded.

Musical styles

In the beginning, Hideki had a huge influence on Acid and they played a mix of alternative metal and emo with emphasis placed on his and Junpei's twin vocals. After he left the band in 2005, their songs became less focused on vocals and turned a bit more pop-ish, but still kept their "heavy" sound due to having three guitarists.

History

Acid formed in August 2003 through auditions held by Hideki. Their live setlist was made up of both of Hideki's solo albums at the beginning and, after one year of excessive touring through Japan, the group went into the studio at the end of 2004 to record their first album. Acid 1.5: Punk Drunker was released in March 2005.

With the end of Siam Shade, Hideki didn't want people to always compare his new band with the old one when he was singing. That's why he drew back to the position behind the keyboard at first and later on left Acid completely in June 2005 so that the band were able to go their own way. Furthermore, he says that this group is his pride and that he'd like to see them in Tokyo Dome one day.