Charge

Charge or charged may refer to:

Mathematics, science, and technology

Charge (TV series)

Charge was originally produced as a youth television show aimed at showcasing viewer's user-generated content. It was broadcast on the Media Trust’s Community Channel on Sky channel 539, Virgin TV channel 233 and Freeview channel 87 in the UK.

After the second series it was decided to expand charge into a separate youth strand on the Community Channel and it ran in this form for two series.

Content

Targeted at 16- to 25-year-olds, the first two series were dedicated to showcasing viewer's originally produced content and featured a mixture of music videos, drama, comedy and documentary. Series 3 and 4 concentrated on dealing with a different issue each week that affect young people and featured studio guests and series produced by young television producers including The House and True Tube.

Specials

There were a number of special produced for Charge including Street Crime UK – a series of short documentaries from around the UK looking at knife and gun crime, and McConville Reports following a young trainee journalist’s quest to interview the leaders of Britain’s leading parties.

Personal foul (basketball)

In basketball, a personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent. It is the most common type of foul in basketball. A foul out occurs when a player exceeds his or her personal foul limit for a game and is disqualified from participation in the remainder of the game.

Players routinely initiate illegal contact to purposely affect the play, hoping it is seen as too minor to be called a foul. The threshold is subjective and varies among officials and from game to game. Most contact fouls are not regarded as unsportsmanlike. However, a contact foul involving excessive or unjustified contact is classed as an unsportsmanlike foul (or in the NBA, flagrant foul)

History

Basketball has always had the concept of fouls. In 1891, James Naismith's original 13 rules defined a foul as:

Acid (computer virus)

Acid is a computer virus which infects .COM and .EXE files including command.com. Each time an infected file is executed, Acid infects all of the .EXE files in the current directory. Later, if an infected file is executed, it infects the .COM files in the current directory. Programs infected with Acid will have had the first 792 bytes of the host program overwritten with Acid's own code. There will be no file length increase unless the original host program was smaller than 792 bytes, in which case it will become 792 bytes in length. The program's date and time in the DOS disk directory listing will not be altered.

The following text strings are found in infected files:

External links

302 Acid

302 Acid is a music group from Washington, D.C., USA, formed by Doug Kallmeyer and Justin Mader in 2002. It currently includes Doug Kallmeyer (strings, samples, projections), Justin Mader (samples, projections).

Video projections are a component of their live performances, and their music has improvisatory elements. Notable in the sound is Kallmeyer's use of an electric double bass.

The group released an EP entitled Ailanthus Altissima on the Hackshop Records label in 2004, and subsequently a full-length album 302 acid0005 on the Nottingham-based Em:t Records label in 2005. The title of the latter release is in accord with em:t's naming conventions, but the work contained in the release is actually titled Even Calls. A limited CD-R of their performance at the Big Chill music festival was also released by Em:t. The group is currently working on a new album. The group has toured in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., and has performed several live radio broadcasts.

The group took their name from an NFPA 704 hazard placard for hydrochloric acid that can be frequently seen when traveling the Washington Metro system.

ACID

In computer science, ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction.

Jim Gray defined these properties of a reliable transaction system in the late 1970s and developed technologies to achieve them automatically.

In 1983, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID to describe them.

Characteristics

The characteristics of these four properties as defined by Reuter and Härder:

Atomicity

Atomicity requires that each transaction be "all or nothing": if one part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction fails, and the database state is left unchanged. An atomic system must guarantee atomicity in each and every situation, including power failures, errors, and crashes. To the outside world, a committed transaction appears (by its effects on the database) to be indivisible ("atomic"), and an aborted transaction does not happen.