Cel

A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by cellulose acetate. With the advent of computer-assisted animation production, the use of cels has been all but abandoned in major productions. Disney studios stopped using cels in 1990 when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process, and in the next decade and a half, the other major animation studios phased cels out as well.

Technique

Generally, the characters are drawn on cels and laid over a static background drawing. This reduces the number of times an image has to be redrawn and enables studios to split up the production process to different specialised teams. Using this assembly line way to animate has made it possible to produce films much more cost-effectively. The invention of the technique is generally attributed to Earl Hurd, who patented the process in 1914. The outline of the images are drawn on the front of the cel while colors are painted on the back to eliminate brushstrokes. Traditionally, the outlines were hand-inked but since the 1960s they are almost exclusively xerographed on. Another important breakthrough in cel animation was the development of the Animation Photo Transfer Process, first seen in The Black Cauldron, released in 1985.

CEL

CEL may stand for:

  • Carboxyl ester lipase or bile salt dependent lipase, an enzyme used in digestion
  • Check engine light, a malfunction indicator lamp
  • Chemin de Fer de l'Etat Libanais, the national railway network of the Lebanon
  • China Energy Label
  • Communications and Entertainment Limited, a defunct Australian home video company
  • Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono, the international community for scouting in Lusophone countries
  • Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, an extremely rare cancer of the white blood cells
  • Cel may refer to:

  • Cel, a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for animation purposes
  • Cel programming language
  • Cel Publishing, an imprint of VDM Publishing devoted to the reproduction of Wikipedia content
  • cel, the ISO-639 code for Celtic languages
  • Cel (goddess), the Etruscan goddess of the earth
  • See also

  • Cell (disambiguation)
  • Human Genome Organisation

    The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome. HUGO was established in 1989 as an international organization, primarily to foster collaboration between genome scientists around the world. The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), sometimes referred to as "HUGO", is one of HUGO's most active committees and aims to assign a unique gene name and symbol to each human gene.

    History

    HUGO was established in late April 1988 at the first meeting dedicated to genome mapping at Cold Spring Harbor. The idea of starting the organization stemmed from a South African biologist by the name of Sydney Brenner, who is known for his significant contributions to work on the genetic code and other areas of molecular biology, as well as winning the Nobel prize in Physiology of Medicine in 2002. A Founding Council was elected at the meeting that total 42 scientists from 17 different countries. HUGO is grounded in Geneva Switzerland, and later went on to elect an additional 178 members, bringing the total up to 220.

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    CEL-SCI to File for Regulatory Approval of Multikine in Saudi Arabia—Pursuing Local Partnerships for Commercialization ...

    Business Wire 23 Apr 2025
    VIENNA, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)---- $CVM #Multikine--CEL-SCI to file for Regulatory Approval of Multikine in Saudi Arabia—Pursuing local partnerships to serve Middle East and North Africa Market ... .
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    CEL: CIT-U, USC forge Valorant grand finals duel; UCLM ousted

    The Philadelphia Inquirer 14 Apr 2025
    CEBU CITY, Philippines — The Cesafi Esports League (CEL) Season 3 saw massive upsets shake the tournament as the defending Valorant ...
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    Annual Report (Form ARS) (CEL-SCI Corporation)

    Public Technologies 09 Apr 2025
    CEL-SCI Corporation published this content on April 09, 2025, and is solely ...
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    Proxy Statement (Form DEF 14A) (CEL-SCI Corporation)

    Public Technologies 09 Apr 2025
    CEL-SCI CORPORATION ... Notice is hereby given that the annual meeting of the shareholders of CEL-SCI Corporation ("CEL-SCI") will be held at the offices of CEL-SCI at 8229 Boone Blvd., Vienna, Virginia 22182 on May 19, 2025 at 11.00 a.m.
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    New Study in the Scientific Journal “Cancer Cell” Supports CEL-SCI’s Strategy to Seek Early Approval ...

    Business Wire 08 Apr 2025
    VIENNA, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)---- $CVM #Multikine--New study in the scientific journal “Cancer Cell” supports CEL-SCI’s strategy to seek early approval for Multikine ... .
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