2D materials

2D Topological Materials, sometimes referred to as Single layer materials, are crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms. Since the isolation of graphene, a single-layer of graphite, in 2004, a large amount of research has been directed at isolating other 2D materials due to their unusual characteristics and for use in applications such as photovoltaics, semiconductors, electrodes and water purification.

2D materials can generally be categorised as either 2D allotropes of various elements or compounds (usually consisting of two covalently bonding elements). The elemental 2D materials generally carry the –ene suffix in their names while the compounds have –ane or -ide suffixes. Layered combinations of different 2D materials are generally called van der Waals heterostructures.

While the first 2d material to be discovered was graphene, in 2004, some 500 2D materials may remain to be found. Research on these other materials has grown more rapidly than that on graphene since 2010.

Material

Material is a broad term for the (chemical) substance, or a mixture of substances that constitute a thing. See:-

Material may also refer to:

Glossary of chess

This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. Some of these have their own pages, like fork and pin. For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of chess-related games, see Chess variants.

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J

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P

[adjective: prophylactic] Prophylactic techniques include the blockade, overprotection, and the mysterious rook move.

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References

Bibliography

Section (music)

In music, a section is "a complete, but not independent musical idea". Types of sections include the introduction or intro, exposition, recapitulation, verse, chorus or refrain, conclusion, coda or outro, fadeout, bridge or interlude. In sectional forms such as binary, the larger unit (form) is built from various smaller clear-cut units (sections) in combination, analogous to stanzas in poetry or somewhat like stacking legos.

Some well known songs consist of only one or two sections, for example "Jingle Bells" commonly contains verses ("Dashing through the snow...") and choruses ("Oh, jingle bells..."). It may contain "auxiliary members" such as an introduction and/or outro, especially when accompanied by instruments (the piano starts and then: "Dashing...").

A section is, "a major structural unit perceived as the result of the coincidence of relatively large numbers of structural phenomena." An episode may also refer to a section.

A passage is a musical idea that may or may not be complete or independent. For example, fill, riff, and all sections.