Vol 58, No 6 (2013)

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the greatest challenges for breeding and commercial livestock. it is characterized by lesions of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, abortion, infertility, immune deficiency, and persistence of the pathogen. in this work, a set of measures for the rehabilitation and prevention of BVD in cattle is described. it includes the data of the literature, guidance documents for the diagnosis and control of BVD adopted by OiE, EU countries, USA, as well as the results of this research.

The Baku virus (BAKV) was originally isolated from the ticks Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901 (Acari: Argasidae) collected from the seagull (Larus argentatus) seating nests on the islands of the Baku archipelago, the Caspian sea. BAKV was assigned to Kemerovo group (KEMV) (Orbivirus, Reoviridae). The BAKV was frequently isolated from the ticks O. coniceps Canestrini, 1980, collected from L. argentatus and tern (Sterna hirundo) nests in Turkmenia and pigeon (Columba livia neglecta) nests in Uzbekistan. in this work, the genome of the BaKv was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology. The BAKV Pol protein has 48.6% identity level with the viruses of the Great island Virus group and at average 41% with non-tick orbiviruses. The BAKV T2 protein level identity with the orbiviruses ranges from 23.7% to 64.8%. The maximum identity level of the T2 protein (64.8%) is observed for the tick-borne viruses of the GiV (KEMV) group. According to the conducted molecular-genetic and phylogenetic analysis, the BAKV is a novel species of the genus Orbivirus. it forms a phylogenetic group distinctly related to the GiV group.

In the current study, we evaluated the neuraminidase-inhibition (Ni) antibodies among volunteers during the phase i and phase ii of the clinical trials of a monovalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAiV) А/17/duck/ Potsdam/86/92(H5N2). the reassortant influenza virus RN2/57-human A(H7N2) containing neuraminidase (NA) from the A/Leningrad/134/17/57(H2N2) was used in Ni test. it was shown that two doses of the monovalent LaiV A(H5N2) led to a statistically significant increase in the Ni antibodies to vaccine strain NA. More than twofold increase in antibodies was obtained among 19.5-33.3% of vaccinated. the microneutralization test and Ni assay results coincidence in the same pairs of sera of the vaccinated volunteers was 73.2%, suggesting thus a statistically significant interdependence between the values of increase in antibodies revealed in both tests (p = 0.04).

Prevalence of the primary drug resistance mutations and resistance developed in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapies in the HIV-infected persons in the Privolzhsky federal district was studied. It was demonstrated that among the ART-naive HIV-positive patients there were no mutations leading to the development of resistance. A high level of the resistance to lamivudin, nevirapin, efavirenz was revealed among the persons receiving the antiretroviral therapy. As a whole, the frequency of mutations of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (23.8%) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (26.9%) was much higher than to protease inhibitors (1.2%).