Jorj Rosenkranz
Jorj Rosenkranz | |
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Tavalludi |
20-avgust 1916-yil Budapesht, Vengriya |
Vafoti |
23-iyun 2019-yil (102 yoshda) |
Fuqaroligi | Mojariston va Meksika |
Taʼlimi | Shveysariya Federal Texnologiya Instituti (ETH Zurich) |
Kasbi | Kimyogar |
Otasi | Bertalan Rosenkranz |
Onasi | Etel (Weiner) Rosenkranz |
Mukofotlari | Biotexnologiya Merosi Mukofoti (2012) |
Jorj Rosenkranz ( 1916 – 2019) — kimyo sohasida tadqiqotlar olib borgan,[1] Vengriyadan Meksikaga ko‘chib kelgan olimdir. [2]U asosan o‘ziga xos o‘simlik manbalaridan xomashyolar sifatida foydalangan. Rosenkranz Vengriyada tug‘ilgan, Shveysariyada ta’lim olgan va natsistlardan qochish uchun Amerikaga ko‘chgan, oxir-oqibat umrining oxirigacha Meksikada yashagan.[3]
Faoliyati
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Syntex korporatsiyasida Meksika shahrida Rosenkranz kimyogarlar guruhini tuzdi, bu guruhga dunyoning yetakchilari, masalan: Karl Djerassi, Luis E. Miramontes va Aleksandro Zaffaroni kirgan.[4] [5][6]Rosenkranz rahbarligida dori-darmonlarning ishlab chiqarilishida yutuqlarga erishildi.Rosenkranz 1982-yilda, 65 yoshida, CEO lavozimidan olib tashlandi.[7][8]
2012-yilda u biotexnologiya sohasiga muhim hissa qo‘shganligi uchun Biotexnologiya Merosi Mukofoti bilan taqdirlandi. 2016-yil avgustida 100 yoshga to‘ldi.[9][10]
Rosenkranz, shuningdek, American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) Grand Life Master maqomiga ega bo‘lib, 13,000 dan ortiq mukofotlar va 12 NABC unvoniga ega bo‘lgan .[11]
Ilmiy Tadqiqotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Rosenkranz 1916-yil Budapeshtda, Vengriyada tug‘ilgan, Etel (Weiner) va Bertalan Rosenkranzni[12]ng o‘g‘li.[13] U Shveysariya Federal Texnologiya Instituti (ETH Zurich)da kimyo muhandisligi bo‘yicha tahsil olgan[14] va doktorlik darajasini olgan. Uni Nobel mukofoti sohibi Lavoslav Ružička steroid tadqiqotlariga qiziqtirgan. Ammo, Zurichda nasistlarning tarafdorlari faol bo‘lgan. U Ružička Rosenkranz va boshqa yahudiy hamkasblarini himoya qilgan, ammo uning bu ishi hayotigabir qancha xavf soldi. "Biz Ružičkani himoya qilish uchun birgalikda Shveysariyadan chiqishga qaror qildik," Rosenkranzning bu so'zlari 2002-yilda Pan American Health Organization jurnalida bosib chiqildi.[15]
Gormonlarning inson salomatligidagi roli allaqachon ma’lum edi, ammo ularni tekshirish yo‘llari hali aniqlanmagan edi. Jorj Rosenkranzning kimyogar sifatidagi mahorati Emeric Somlo, Vengriya muhojiri, va Syntexdagi doktor Federico Lehmannning e’tiborini tortdi. Ular 1944-yilda kompaniya tashkil etib, Meksikada diosgenin bilan boyitilgan progesteron gormonini tekshirishga urinishdi. Marka bilan kelishmovchilik yuzaga kelganidan so‘ng, Rosenkranz uning o‘rniga chaqirildi va 1945-yilda Meksika shahriga ko‘chdi.[16]
Yetarlicha to‘liq malakali kimyogarlarni topa olmaganida, Rosenkranz Meksikadan va butun dunyodan tadqiqotchilarni chorladi. [17]U kimyogarlarni tadqiqotchilar va o‘qituvchilar sifatida jalb qilishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi va kimyogarlar uchun trening dasturlarini kengaytirish uchun moliyalashtirishni oldi. U va uning hamkasblari kunduzlari Syntexda ishlashdi, kechalari esa kimyo o‘qitishdi. Rosenkranz shuningdek, Palo-Alto shahridagi Molekulyar Biologiya Institutini tashkil etishda yordam berdi.[18]
Miramontes, Jorj Rosenkranz va Djerassi noresindronni tekshirish orqali, homiladorlikni oldini olish vositasi deb isbotlandi.[19][20] Mayo klinikasi kortizonning samarali dori ekanligini, artrit simptomlarini yengillashtirishi mumkinligini aytgan. Ammo, Djerassi ta’kidlashicha, "1951-yilgacha kortizonni olish uchun hayvon safro kislotalaridan boshlanadigan 36 xil kimyoviy o‘zgarishlar jarayoni orqali olingan." 1951-yilda Rosenkranz, Djerassi va ularning hamkasblari kortizonni sintez qilish bo‘yicha maqola taqdim etdilar va Harvard hamda Merckdan kelgan hisobotlarni haftalab ortda qoldirdilar.[21]
Kortizonni muvaffaqiyatli sintez qilib, Syntex tadqiqotchilari progesteronni sintez qilish ustida ishlashni davom ettirdilar. Progesteron ayollarni homiladorlikni oldini olish, shuningdek, bepushtlikni davolash uchun ishlatilgan jinsiy gormon. [22]Besh oy o‘tgach, Rosenkranz va Djerassi rahbarligida norethisterone (norethindrone) sintezining so‘nggi bosqichi muvaffaqiyatli yakunlandi. Syntex dastlab Amerikalik Parke-Davis kompaniyasi bilan norethisterone-ni Norlutin nomi bilan genekologik kasalliklarni davolash uchun bozorga chiqarmoqchi edi, bu ish 1957-yilda FDA tomonidan tasdiqlandi. [23]
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Ness, Roberta B.. Genius unmasked. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013. ISBN 9780199976591.
- ↑ „Scientists You Must Know: Pioneering steroid researcher George Rosenkranzh (Video)“. Science History Institute (2016-yil iyun). Qaraldi: 2018-yil 21-fevral.
- ↑ Cohen, Gerald S. (2002). "Mexico's Pill Pioneer". Perspectives in Health Magazine: The Magazine of the Pan American Health Organization 7 (1). http://www1.paho.org/English/DPI/Number13_article4_1.htm. Qaraldi: 6 February 2014.Jorj Rosenkranz]]
- ↑ Kornberg, Arthur. The golden helix : inside biotech ventures. Sausalito, Calif.: University Science Books, 2002 — 72 bet. ISBN 9781891389191.
- ↑ USA Science & Engineering Festival – Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-08-06 sanasida arxivlangan). Retrieved 1 Oct 2014.
- ↑ Juaristi, Eusebio (2 May 2003). "A few comments on the development of organic chemistry in Mexico". Arkivoc 2003 (11): 1–3. doi:10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.b01. http://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/20006/. Qaraldi: 15 May 2014.Jorj Rosenkranz]]
- ↑ „George Rosenkranz to Receive 2013 Biotechnology Heritage Award“. April 21, 2013. Chemical Heritage Foundation. 2016-yil 12-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
- ↑ Morell, Virginia. „Rewards Of Intellectual Bigamy“ (1989-yil 23-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-may.
- ↑ „Steroid pioneer gets Heritage Foundation, BIO award“ (2013-yil 22-aprel). 2013-yil 3-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-fevral.
- ↑ Staff. „Honoring The 100th Birthday of George Rosenkranz, PH.D.“. congress.gov (2016-yil 12-iyul). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 21-avgust.
- ↑ „Rosenkranz, George“. Hall of Fame. American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). 2016-yil 17-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 18-dekabr.
- ↑ The New York Times.. „George Rosenkranz, a Developer of the Birth Control Pill, Dies at 102“ (2019-yil 23-iyun).
- ↑ Center for Oral History. „George Rosenkranz“. Science History Institute.
- ↑ Center for Oral History. „George Rosenkranz“. Science History Institute.
- ↑ Cohen, Gerald S. (2002). "Mexico's Pill Pioneer". Perspectives in Health Magazine: The Magazine of the Pan American Health Organization 7 (1). http://www1.paho.org/English/DPI/Number13_article4_1.htm. Qaraldi: 6 February 2014.Jorj Rosenkranz]]
- ↑ Ness, Roberta B.. Genius unmasked. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013. ISBN 9780199976591.
- ↑ Rosenkranz, George (2005). "The early days of Syntex". Chemical Heritage Magazine. http://www.syntexsyvaalumni.org/chemherit.pdf. Qaraldi: 16 May 2014.Jorj Rosenkranz]]
- ↑ Mandaro, Laura. „Scientist George Rosenkranz; Innovate: His determination helped millions ease their pain, plan their families“ (2005-yil 8-avgust). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-fevral.
- ↑ USA Science & Engineering Festival – Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-08-06 sanasida arxivlangan). Retrieved 1 Oct 2014.
- ↑ The emergence of organizations and markets. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012 — 409 bet. ISBN 978-0691148878.
- ↑ AP.. „3 new oral contraceptives approved for sale in U.S.“ (1964-yil 4-mart), s. 27.
- ↑ „Digital Gene Technologies names Dr. George Rosenkranz to board of directors; former chairman, president and CEO of Syntex Corp. to assist in corporate development efforts“ (1996-yil 4-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-may.
- ↑ „Dr. George Rosenkranz Calls for Increased Commitment to Science and Research“ (2001-yil 31-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-may.