Isabelle de Charrière
![]() Maurice-Quentin de La Tour chizgan Isabelle de Charrière portreti, 1771-yil, Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Musée Antoine-Lécuyer | |
Tavalludi |
1740-yil 20-oktabr Castle Zuylen, Utrecht, ![]() |
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Vafoti |
1805-yil 27-dekabr Le Pontet, Colombier, Neuchâtel, Andoza:PRU |
Taxallusi |
Belle van Zuylen, Belle de Zuylen, Zélide, Abbé de la Tour |
Ijod qilgan tillari | Fransuz tili[1], Nemis tili, Ingliz tili va Niderland tili |
Fuqaroligi |
![]() ![]() |
Faoliyat turi | roman yozuvchisi, shoir, dramaturg |
Veb-sayti | |
www.charriere.nl www.belle-van-zuylen.eu |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Isabelle_Agneta_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken%2C_by_Maurice_Quentin_de_La_Tour.jpg/260px-Isabelle_Agneta_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken%2C_by_Maurice_Quentin_de_La_Tour.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Belle_van_Zuylen%2C_attributed_to_Guillaume_de_Spinny.jpg/260px-Belle_van_Zuylen%2C_attributed_to_Guillaume_de_Spinny.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Diederik_Jacob_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken_%281707-1776%29_-_portrait_painting.jpg/260px-Diederik_Jacob_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken_%281707-1776%29_-_portrait_painting.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Zuylen.jpg/260px-Zuylen.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Isabelle_de_Charri%C3%A8re_-_Jens_Juel.gif/260px-Isabelle_de_Charri%C3%A8re_-_Jens_Juel.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Colombier_Manoir_Le_Pontet_20110831_1833.jpg/260px-Colombier_Manoir_Le_Pontet_20110831_1833.jpg)
Isabelle de Charrière (1740-yil 20-oktyabr — 1805-yil 27-dekabr), Gollandiyada Belle van Zuylen nomi bilan tanilgan, qizlik ismi Isabella Agneta Elisabeth van Tuyll van Serooskerken va boshqa joyda Isabelle de Charrière [Xonim], Golland va Shveysariya maʼrifatparvar yozuvchisi boʻlib, umrining ikkinchi yarmini Colombier, Neuchâtelda oʻtkazgan. Garchi risolalar, musiqa va pyesalar ham yozgan boʻlsada, xozirda u maktub va romanlari bilan mashhur. U oʻz davrining jamiyat va siyosatiga katta qiziqish bildirgan va uning Fransiya Inqilobi davridagi faoliyati alohida qiziqish uygʻotgan.
Yoshligi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Isabelle van Tuyll van Serooskerken Gollandiyaning Utrecht yaqinidagi Zuilen shahridagi Zuylen Qal’asida Diederik Jacob van Tuyll van Serooskerken (1707–1776) va Jacoba Helena de Vicq (1724–1768) oilasida tugʻilgan. U yetti farzandning kattasi edi. Uning ota-onasi oʻsha paytda Utrechtda huquqshunoslik boʻyicha talaba va uning qoʻlini soʻrashga daʼvogarlaridan biri Shotlandiyalik yozuvchi James Boswell tomonidan „Yetti Viloyatdagi eng qadimiy zodagonlardan biri“ va „katta miqdordagi pulga ega Amsterdamlik ayol“ sifatida tasvirlangan. Qishda ular Utrecht shahridagi uylarida yashashar edi.
1750-yilda Isabelle Jenevaga yuborildi va 1746–1753-yillarda uning oʻqituvchisi boʻlgan fransuz tilida soʻzlashuvchi gubernator Jeanne-Louise Prevost bilan Shveytsariya va Fransiya boʻylab sayohat qildi. Bir yil davomida faqat fransuz tilida gapirganidan soʻng, u Gollandiyaga qaytib, golland tilini qayta oʻrganishga majbur boʻldi. Biroq, fransuz tili umrining oxirigacha uning afzal koʻrgan tili boʻlib qoldi, bu esa nima uchun uning aslida taniqli boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan ishi uzoq vaqt davomida tugʻilgan mamlakatida unchalik yaxshi maʼlum boʻumaganini tushunishga yordam beradi.
Ota-onasining liberal qarashlari tufayli Isabelle oʻsha paytdagi qizlar uchun odatdagidan ancha kengroq taʼlim oldi, ular unga matematika, fizika va turli tillar, jumladan lotin, italyan, nemis va ingliz tillarini oʻrganishga imkon berdishdi. Umuman olganda, u iqtidorli talaba edi. Har doim musiqaga qiziqib, 1790-yilda u bastakor Niccolo Zingarelli bilan oʻrganishni boshladi.
14 yoshida u Polshalik Rim Katolik graf Peter Dönhoffni sevib qoldi. U unga qiziqmasdi. Hafsalasi pir boʻlib u Utrechtni 18 oyga tark etdi.[2] U oʻsib ulgʻaygan sari, unga turli xil daʼvogarlar paydo boʻldi va rad etildi, chunki ular uni koʻrishga kelishlarini vaʼda berishdi, lekin buni qilmadilar yoki u ustun boʻlgani uchun oʻzlarini chetga oldilar. U nikohni erkinlikka erishish yoʻli deb bildi, lekin u sevgi uchun turmush qurishni ham xohladi.
Anne Pollexfen Drake va uning turmush oʻrtogʻi general-leytenant George Eliott tomonidan Londonning Mayfairdagi Curzon koʻchasida joylashgan uyiga kelish uchun maxsus taklif qilingan Isabelle 1766-yil 7-noyabrda ukasi Ditie, xizmatkori Doortje va xizmatchisi Vitel hamrohligida Hellevoetsluisdan Harwichga qayiqda keldi.
Keyingi hayoti
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Oxir-oqibat, 1771-yilda u ukasi Willem Renening 1763-yildan 1766-yilgacha xorijdagi sobiq shaxsiy oʻqituvchisi Kolumbiyada tugʻilgan Shveysariyalik Charles-Emmanuel de Charrière de Penthazga (1735–1808) turmushga chiqdi.[3] Keyinchalik u Isabelle de Charrière nomi bilan tanildi. Ular uning bobosi Beat Louis de Muralt tomonidan sotib olingan Kolumbiyadagi Le Pontetga (Neuchatel yaqinida) qaynotasi Francois (1697–1780) va uning ikki turmush qurmagan qaynsingillari Luiza (1731–1810) va Henriette (1740–1814) bilan birga joylashdilar. Neuchatel Kantonini keyinchalik Neuchatel shahzodasi sifatida Buyuk Frederick Prussiya bilan shaxsiy ittifoqda boshqargan. Neychatel din erkinligidan bahramand boʻlgan, buning natijasida koʻplab qochqinlar, jumladan Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Beat Louis de Muralt va David Wemyss, Lord Elcho keldi. Er-xotin Jenevada va Parijda ham koʻp vaqt oʻtkazdilar.
De Charrière 1778-yilda Gollandiya Gʻarbiy Hindiston kompaniyasi (WIC), Gollandiya Sharqiy Hindiston kompaniyasi (VOC), Britaniya Sharqiy Hindiston kompaniyasi va Janubiy dengiz kompaniyasi plantatsiyalarda foydali xorij qulligiga bogʻliq mustamlaka kompaniyalariga qariyb 40 % sarmoya kiritgan ota-onasining boyliklarini qisman meros qilib olish orqali zamonaviy oʻlchovlarda boy boʻldi.[4] Drieenhuizen va Douzening fikriga koʻra, 2021-yilgi nashrlarida oʻz maktublarida va „Trois Femmes“ (Uch ayol, 1795–1798) romanida De Charrière qullikni tanqidsiz keltirib oʻtgan. Biroq, u koloniyalardagi dahshatlar haqida yozgan (1894-raqamli, 1798-yil) maktubida buning aksi edi, shuning uchun u qullikning haddan tashqari koʻpligiga befarq boʻlmadi, bu haqda uning muharriri Suzan van Dijkning yozishmalarida[5] De Charrière merosidan keyin besh yil ichida mustamlakachilik sarmoyalarining 70 foizini sotgani batafsil yozilgan edi.[6]
Yozishmalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Isabelle de Charrière koʻplab odamlar, jumladan Devid-Louis Constant d’Hermenches, James Boswell, Benjamin Constant va uning nemis tarjimoni Ludwig Ferdinand Huber kabi ziyolilar bilan keng yozishmalarni olib bordi.
1760-yilda Isabelle jamiyatda Don Juan sifatida qabul qilingan turmush qurgan Shveysariyalik ofitser Devid-Lui Konstant d’Hermenches (1722–1785) bilan uchrashdi. Koʻp ikkilanishlardan soʻng, Isabellening oʻzini namoyon qilish ehtiyoji uning qaygʻularini yengib chiqdi va ikki yil oʻtgach, ikkinchi uchrashuvdan soʻng u bilan taxminan 15 yil davomida yaqin va yashirin yozishmalarni boshladi. Keyinchalik Constant d’Hermenches bilan yozishmalaridan eng muhimlaridan biri boʻldi.
Shotlandiya yozuvchisi James Boswell 1763–1764-yillarda Utrecht universitetida huquq fakultetida tahsil olgan paytda Utrechtda va Zuylen Qal’asida u bilan tez-tez uchrashib turardi. U uning oʻzini-oʻzi chizgan portretidagi kabi uni Zelide deb chaqirardi. U Gollandiyani tark etganidan keyin bir necha yil davomida doimiy muxbiri boʻlib, Grand Tourda qatnashdi. U unga yozib unga oshiq emasligini taʼkidlagan. U javoban: „Biz chiqishamiz, chunki menda boʻysunish qobiliyati yoʻq“ degan. 1766-yilda Boswell uning akasi bilan Parijda uchrashgandan keyin uning otasiga shartli taklif yubordi, ammo otasei turmush qurishiga rozi boʻlmadi.
1786-yilda Mme de Charrière Parijda Constant d’Hermenchesning jiyani, yozuvchi Benjamin Constant bilan uchrashdi. U Kolumbiyaga bir necha bor tashrif buyurgan. U yerda ular birgalikda epistolyar roman yozishdi va uning hayotining oxirigacha davom etadigan maktublar almashinuvi boshlandi. Shuningdek, u nemis tarjimoni Ludwig Ferdinand Huber va uning yosh doʻstlari Henriette L’Hardy va Isabelle Morel bilan qiziqarli yozishmalar olib bordi. Huberning yosh oʻgay qizi Thereze Forster u bilan 1801-yildan Isabelle de Charrier vafotigacha yashadi.
Ishlari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Izabel de Charrier romanlar, risolalar, pyesalar va sheʼrlar yozgan va musiqa bastalagan. Uning eng samarali davri u Kolumbiyada bir necha yil yashaganidan keyingina keldi. Mavzular orasida uning diniy ikkilanishlari, olijanobligi va ayollarning tarbiyasi bor edi.
Uning birinchi romani „Le Noble“ 1763-yilda nashr etilgan.[7] Bu zodagonlarga qarshi satira edi va u anonim nashr etilgan boʻlsa-da, tez orada uning shaxsi aniqlandi va ota-onasi asarni sotuvdan olib tashlashdi. Keyin u doʻstlari uchun oʻz portretini yozdi: Portrait de Mll de Z., sous le nom de Zélide, fait par elle-même. 1762-yil. 1784-yilda u ikkita toʻqima asarini nashr etdi: Lettres neuchâteloises va Lettres de Mistriss Henley publiées par son amie. Ikkalasi ham u maʼqullashda davom etgan epistolyar romanlar yoʻnalishida boʻlgan. 1788-yilda u Niderlandiya, Fransiya va Shveysariyadagi siyosiy vaziyat haqidagi birinchi risolalarini nashr etdi.
Faylasuf Jean-Jacques Rousseauning muxlisi sifatida u 1789-yilda uning Confessions (Iqrorlik) asarini vafotidan keyin nashr etishda yordam berdi. U, shuningdek, oʻsha paytda Rousseau haqida oʻz risolalarini yozgan.
Fransuz Inqilobi bir qator zodagonlarning Neuchatelga qochishiga sabab boʻldi va Mme de Charrière ulardan baʼzilari bilan doʻstlashdi. Ammo u, shuningdek, aristokratik qochqinlarning qarashlarini tanqid qiluvchi asarlarni nashr etdi, ularning aksariyati inqilobdan hech narsa oʻrganmagan deb hisobladi.
U bir nechta musiqiy asarlar uchun soʻzlar va musiqalarni yozgan yoki hech boʻlmaganda rejalashtirgan, ammo parchalardan tashqari hech biri saqlanib qolmagan. U Motsartga Les Phéniciennes librettosini yubordi va u buni qoʻyadi deb umid qildi, ammo uning javobi nomaʼlum. Uning barcha musiqiy asarlari Œuvres complètesning 10-jildiga kiritilgan; bular qatoriga torli kvartet uchun olti minuet, toʻqqizta pianino sonatalari, oʻnta efir va romanslar kiradi.[8]
Asl matnlarning muhim nashrlari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Œuvres complètes, Édition critique par J-D. Candaux, C.P. Courtney, P.H. Dubois, S. Dubois-de Bruyn, P. Thompson, J. Vercruysse, D.M. Wood. Amsterdam, G.A. van Oorschot, 1979-1984. Tomes 1-6, Correspondance; tome 7, Theatre; tomes 8-9, Romans, Contes et Nouvelles; tome 10, Essais, Vers, Musique. ISBN 9789028205000
- Die wiedergefundene Handschrift: Victoire ou la vertu sans bruit. Hrsg. Magdalene Heuser. In: Editio. Internationales Jahrbuch für Editionswissenschaft. 11 (1997), p. 178-204.
- 'Early writings. New material from Dutch archives. Ed. Kees van Strien, Leuven, Éditions Peeters, 2005. VI-338 p. ISBN 978-90-429-1646-3ISBN 978-90-429-1646-3
- Correspondances et textes inédits. Ed. Guillemette Samson, J-D. Candaux, J. Vercruysse et D. Wood. Paris, Honoré Champion, 2006 423 p. ISBN 978-2-7453-1310-2ISBN 978-2-7453-1310-2[9]
Tarjimalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Letters written from Lausanne. Translated from the French. Bath, printed by R. Cruttwell and sold by C. Dilly, Poultry, London, 1799. 2 vols. viii, 175 p. + 200 p.
- Four tales by Zélide. Translated [and abridged] by S[ybil]. M[arjorie]. S[cott-Cuffe] with an introduction by Geoffrey Scott. [The Nobleman, Mistress Henley, Letters from Lausanne, Letters from Lausanne-Caliste]. London, Constable, 1925. xxix, 263 p. Reprint by Books for Libraries Press, Freeport, New York, 1970. Reprint by Turtle Point Press, Chappaqua, New York, 1997. 304 p. ISBN 978-1-933527-41-3ISBN 978-1-933527-41-3[10]
- Letters from Mistress Henley published by her friend. Translation Philip Stewart and Jean Vaché. Introduction, notes and bibliography by Joan Hinde Stewart & Philip Stuart. New York, The Modern Language Association of America, 1993. xxix, 42 p.
- Letters from Switzerland. [Letters from Neuchatel, Letters from Mistress Henley, Letters from Lausanne, Letters from Lausanne-Caliste]. Ed., translation and biography James Chesterman. Cambridge U.K., Carole Green Publishing, 2001. xii, 276 p. ISBN 9781903479032ISBN 9781903479032
- Three women. A novel by the abbé de la Tour. Translation Emma Rooksby. New York, The Modern Language Association of America, 2007. xii, 176 p. ISBN 9780873529419ISBN 9780873529419
- The Nobleman and Other Romances. [The Nobleman; Letters from Neuchâtel; Letters from Mistress Henley Published by Her Friend; Letters from Lausanne: Cécile; Eaglonette and Suggestina, or, On Pliancy; Émigré Letters; Fragments of Two Novels Written in English: A Correspondence, Letters from Peter and William; Constanceʼs Story; Saint Anne], Translated, introduction and notes Caroline Warman. Cover ill. Joanna Walsh. New York, Penguin Classics, 2012. XXXIII, 439 p. ISBN 978-0-14-310660-9ISBN 978-0-14-310660-9
- Honorine d’Userche [a novella by Abbé de la Tour], translator Caroline Omolesky, e-book, Messidor Press, 2013.
Yozishmalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Boswell in Holland, including his correspondence with Belle de Zuylen (Zélide). Ed. Frederick Pottle. 428 p. London: William Heinemann, 1952.
- Letter of Isabelle de Charrière to James Boswell 27 March 1768. Published in The General Correspondence of James Boswell (1766-1769), ed. Richard Cole, Peter Baker, Edinburgh University Press, 1993, vol.2, p. 40-41.
- There are no letters like yours. The correspondence of Isabelle de Charrière and Constant d’Hermences. Translated, with an introduction and annotations by Janet Whatley and Malcolm Whatley. Lincoln NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2000. xxxv, 549 p.
Le Noble, conte moral, 1763-yil
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Belle_van_Zuylen_-_Le_Noble%2C_Conte_moral_-_Amsterdam%2C_1763.jpg/220px-Belle_van_Zuylen_-_Le_Noble%2C_Conte_moral_-_Amsterdam%2C_1763.jpg)
Belle van Zuylen ushbu qisqa romanni 22 yoshida Amsterdam nashriyotchisi Evert van Harrevelt bilan fransuz tilidagi jurnalda anonim ravishda nashr etgan. Van Zuylenning ota-onasi 1763-yilda bu satiraning aslzodalar orasida tarqalishiga yoʻl qoʻymaslik uchun butun kitob nashrini sotib olishdi. Ammo bu „axloqiy ertak“ baribir Yevropaga yoʻl topdi, chunki nemis shoiri va davlat arbobi Johann Wolfgang Goethe 1772-yil 3-noyabrda „Frankfurter Gelehrten Anzeigen“ jurnalida uni nemis tilidagi Die Vorzüge des alten Adels tarjimasini koʻrib chiqdi.[11] 1769-yil 2-martda Gollandiyaning De Deugd is den Adel waerdig (Vertu vaut bien noblesse) opera buffa moslashtirilgan namoyishi Haguedagi Fransche Komediya teatrida taqdim etildi.
Roman Jean de La Fontainening ikkita it haqidagi „Taʼlim“ ertagidan iqtibos bilan boshlanadi:
- On ne suit pas toujours ses Aïeux, ni son Père (La Fontaine) |
- Biz har doim ham ajdodlarimizga ergashavermaymiz, otalarimizga ham o'xshayvermaymiz (Favvora) |
—Isabelle de Charrière, Le Noble, conte moral, 1762. |
Boshqa
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Asteroid 9604 Bellevanzuylen 1991-yilda Erik Walter Elst tomonidan uning sharafiga nomlangan.[12]
- „Belle van Zuylen — Madam de Charrière“ filmi 1993-yilda Digna Sinke tomonidan suratga olingan.
- Niderlandiyaning Utrecht universitetining Belle van Zuylen kafedrasi Cecil Courtney (1995-yil), Monique Moser-Verrey (2005-yil aprel), Nicole Pellegrin-Postel (2005-yil oktyabr) tomonidan boshqarilgan.
- Har yili oʻtkaziladigan Belle van Zuylen maʼruzasi adabiyot va umuman jamiyatga oid mavzularda ilgari City2Cities deb nomlangan Utrecht xalqaro adabiyot festivalining (ILFU) bir qismi boʻlib, Hans Magnus Enzensberger (2006), Jeanette Winterson (2007), Azar Nafisi (2009) va Paul Auster (2012), Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2020) va Margaret Atwood (2021) kabi zamonaviy mualliflar tomonidan taqdim etilgan. 2020-yildan beri ularga Belle van Zuylenring nomli kichik haykalcha beriladi.
Adabiyotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Nashr qilingan yili boʻyicha xronologik tartibda:
- Philippe Godet: Madame de Charrière et ses amis, d’après de nombreux documents inédits (1740-1805) avec portraits, vues, autographes, etc.. Genève, A. Jullien, 1906 (xiii,519 p. + 448 p.). Genève, Slatkine Reprints, 1973.
- Geoffrey Scott. The portrait of Zélide. London, Constable, 1925. xiii, 215 p. Scott on Zélide : the portrait of Zélide. Introduction by Richard Holmes. London, Flamingo, 2002. Reprint by Turtle Point Press, New York, 2010. 256 p. with an introduction by Shirley Hazzard, afterword by Richard Dunn.
- Constance Thompson Pasquali, Madame de Charrière à Colombier : iconographie, Neuchâtel, Bibliothèque de la Ville, 1979
- C.P. Courtney. A preliminary bibliography of Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1980. 157 p.
- C.P. Courtney. Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen). A secondary bibliography. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1982. 50 p.
- C.P. Courtney. Isabelle de Charrière and the 'Character of H.B. Constantʼ. A false attribution. In: French Studies (Oxford), 36 (1982), no. 3, p. 282-289.
- C.P. Courtney, Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen). A biography. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1993. 810 p. ISBN 9780729404396ISBN 9780729404396
- Kathleen M. Jaeger, Male and Female Roles in the Eighteenth Century. The Challenge to Replacement and Displacement in the Novels of Isabelle de Charrière, New York, Peter Lang, 1994. XI, 241 pp. ISBN 978-0-8204-2179-7ISBN 978-0-8204-2179-7
- C.P. Courtney, Belle van Zuylen and Philosophy. Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht, 1995. 32 p.
- Jacquline Letzter, Intellectual tacking. Questions of education in the works of Isabelle de Charrière. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1998. 217 p. ISBN 978-9042002906ISBN 978-9042002906
- Jacquline Letzter and Robert Adelson, Women Writing Opera: Creativity and Controversy in the Age of the French Revolution. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. xvii, 341 p. ISBN 978-0520226531ISBN 978-0520226531
- Carla Alison Hesse, The other enlightenment: how French women became modern. Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 2001. — XVI, 233p. ISBN 978-0691114804ISBN 978-0691114804
- Vincent Giroud and Janet Whatley, Isabelle de Charrière. Proceedings of the international conference held at Yale University, 2002. New Haven CT. The Beinecke rare book and manuscript library, 2004. v, 151 p. ISBN 978-0845731604ISBN 978-0845731604
- Jelka Samsom, Individuation and attachment in the works of Isabelle de Charrière New York, Peter Lang, 2005. ISBN 978-3039101870ISBN 978-3039101870
- Monique Moser-Verrey, Isabelle de Charrière and the Novel in the 18th century. Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht, 2005. 32 p.
- Nicole Pellegrin, Useless or pleasant? Women and the writing of history at the time of Belle van Zuylen (1740-1805). Utrecht, University Utrecht, 2005. 32 p.
- Suzan van Dijk, Valérie Cossy, Monique Moser, Madeleine van Strien, Belle de Zuylen/Isabelle de Charrière: Education, Creation, Reception. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 2006, 343 p. ISBN 978-90-420-1998-0ISBN 978-90-420-1998-0[13]
- Gillian E. Dow, Translators, interpreters, mediators: women writers 1700-1900. [Mary Wollstonecraft, Isabelle de Charrière, Therese Huber, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Fatma Aliye, Anna Jameson, Anne Gilchrist] Oxford, Peter Lang, 2007. 268 p. ISBN 978-3-03911-055-1ISBN 978-3-03911-055-1
- Heidi Bostic, The fiction of enlightenment: women of reason in the French eighteenth century [Francoise de Graffigny, Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni, Isabelle de Charrière]. Newark DE, University of Delaware Press, 2010. 270 p. ISBN 978-1611491302ISBN 978-1611491302
Qaydlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ (unspecified title)
- ↑ „First letter to Count Dönhoff“. 2014-yil 7-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-iyul.
- ↑ Godet 1, 166-167 and Généalogies vaudoises I, 419-487 and Œuvres complètes 1, 625 and Certificat de vie in Correspondances et textes in édits (2006) p. 388
- ↑ Drieënhuizen, Caroline „Belle van Zuylen in koloniale zaken“,. Slavernij en de stad Utrecht (Dutch) Jouwe: . Walburg Pers, 2021 — 153–172 bet. ISBN 9789462497689.
- ↑
van Dijk, Suzan (October 2021). „Belle van Zuylen over slavernij en rijkdom“. Oud-Utrecht. Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis van Stad en Regio Utrecht (Dutch). 94(5), 2021-jild, № October. 13–17, page 15-bet.
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(yordam)CS1 maint: unrecognized language () - ↑ Dubois, Simone. Belle van Zuylen, 1740-1805. Leven op afstand. Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek, 1969 — 218 bet.
- ↑ „Image title page Le Noble, Conte moral 1763 at Royal Library The Hague (Koninklijke Bibliotheek).“.
- ↑ Charrière, de. „Isabelle de Charrière - Wikisource“. fr.wikisource.org.
- ↑ „Table des martières Correspondances et textes inédits. 2006“. 2021-yil 1-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-iyul.
- ↑ (translator) Scott. „Four tales by Zélide Translated by S.M.S. (full-text scan)“. archive.org. London, Constable & Co. Ltd. (1925). Qaraldi: 18-sentabr 2021-yil.
- ↑ van Strien. „The publication history of Le Noble“. www.womenwriters.nl. AsK (2010-yil noyabr). Qaraldi: 3-mart 2021-yil.
- ↑ „JPL Small-Body Database Browser“. ssd.jpl.nasa.gov.
- ↑ „Belle de Zuylen / Isabelle de Charrière. Education, création, réception - womenwriters“. www.womenwriters.nl.
Havolalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Madame de Charrière website (in Dutch and French)]
- Belle van Zuylen website (in Dutch and French, site of the Genootschap Belle van Zuylen)
- Bibliographic database 1: by name to 2007
- Complementary bibliografic database 2: by year, with additions before 2007
- Symposium Presentation of the Dutch- and Utrecht-related letters 2021 (Abstracts and videos)
- Compositions of Isabelle de Charrière
- Works by or about Isabelle de Charrière at Internet Archive
- Bulletins of the Genootschap Belle van Zuylen:
- Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet 1976-2005
- Global index of the Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet
- Lettre de Zuylen 1976-1980 ISSN 0920-945X
- Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet 1981-2005 ISSN 0920-9468
- Cahiers ISABELLE DE CHARRIÈRE / BELLE DE ZUYLEN Papers 2006-2015 ISSN 1872-7832
- Lettre de Zuylen 2017 -
- Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet 1976-2005
- Womenwriters database Isabelle de Charrière (Wayback Machine saytida 2019-06-03 sanasida arxivlangan)
- Letters of the young Isabelle de Charrière in the Utrecht archive Netherlands (Wayback Machine saytida 2019-04-08 sanasida arxivlangan)
- Four letters to her nephew Charles Louis van Tuyll van Serooskerken 1797-1799 in the National Archive of the Netherlands
- Works of Isabelle de Charrière
- Revised thesis of Dennis Wood 1998 The novels of isabelle de Charrière
- Images:
- Silhouette of Isabelle de Charrière by Marianne Moula (1760-1826)
- Miniature-painting of Charles-Emmanuel de Charrière by Léonard Isaac Arlaud (1767-1800). Genève Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire
- Miniature-painting of Isabelle de Charrière by Léonard Isaac Arlaud (1767-1800). Genève, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire
- SIEFAR Dictionary 2002
- Goddess of the Netherlands, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (RNW) Archives
- %20%20Passport%20to%20Literature%20%20E.%20du%20Perron%20de%20Roos%20%201963-09-05.mp3 RNW broadcast Passport to literature: Belle de Zuylen
- Free scores by Charriere at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)