Abstract This lecture followed the AGM of the Faculty of Community Health of the Royal Institute ... more Abstract This lecture followed the AGM of the Faculty of Community Health of the Royal Institute of Public Health & Hygiene and Society of Public Health, 19 October 2000. Public Health (2001) 115, 2–3
... 4, 1995 Family Violence and Depressive Symptomatology Among Incarcerated Women Sandra L. Mart... more ... 4, 1995 Family Violence and Depressive Symptomatology Among Incarcerated Women Sandra L. Martin, 1 Niki U. Cotten, 1 Dorothy C. Browne, 1 Brenda Kurz, 2 and Elizabeth Robertson 3 ... REFERENCES Aber, JL, Allen, JP, Carlson, V., and Cicchetti, D. (1989). ...
This paper describes as a primary prevention strategy, a parent-education program aimed at enhanc... more This paper describes as a primary prevention strategy, a parent-education program aimed at enhancing the parenting skills and knowledge of incarcerated women (the majority of whom were mothers). Data are presented which describe changes in program participants' self-evaluations, parenting attitudes, and expectations of children. Upon completing of the parenting program, few differences were observed for the various pre- and post-test
Objective. Social capital describes the benefits that are derived from personal social relationsh... more Objective. Social capital describes the benefits that are derived from personal social relationships (within families and communities) and social affiliations. This investigation examined the extent to which social capital is associated with positive developmental and behavioral outcomes in high-risk preschool children.Design. A cross-sectional case-control analysis of young children “doing well” and “not doing well” at baseline in four coordinated longitudinal studies.Participants. A total of 667 2- to 5-year-old children (mean age, 4.4 years) and their maternal caregivers who are participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect Consortium. At recruitment, all children were characterized by unfavorable social or economic circumstances that contributed to the identification of the children as high risk.Measures. Social capital was defined as benefits that accrue from social relationships within communities and families. A social capital index was created by assigning one point to each of the following indicators: 1) two parents or parent-figures in the home; 2) social support of the maternal caregiver; 3) no more than two children in the family; 4) neighborhood support; and 5) regular church attendance. Outcomes were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist, a widely used measure of behavioral/emotional problems, and with the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test, a standardized test that identifies developmental deficits. Children were classified as doing well if their scores on these instruments indicated neither behavioral nor developmental problems.Results. Only 13% of the children were classified as doing well. The individual indicators that best discriminated between levels of child functioning were the most direct measures of social capital—church affiliation, perception of personal social support, and support within the neighborhood. The social capital index was strongly associated with child well-being, more so than any single indicator. The presence of any social capital indicator increased the odds of doing well by 29%; adding any two increased the odds of doing well by 66%.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that social capital may have an impact on children's well-being as early as the preschool years. In these years it seems to be the parents' social capital that confers benefits on their offspring, just as children benefit from their parents' financial and human capital. Social capital may be most crucial for families who have fewer financial and educational resources. Our findings suggest that those interested in the healthy development of children, particularly children most at risk for poor developmental outcomes, must search for new and creative ways of supporting interpersonal relationships and strengthening the communities in which families carry out the daily activities of their lives.
Parasuicide is an important predictor of future suicide. We collected information on all parasuic... more Parasuicide is an important predictor of future suicide. We collected information on all parasuicides presenting to the emergency department of a general hospital over a 3-month period. We examined detection rates, referral patterns and compared emergency department risk assessments of parasuicide with those of the psychiatric liaison team. We detected 123 parasuicides. One hundred and five (85.4%) were detected in the emergency department. Ninety-five (77.2%) were referred to the liaison psychiatry service. Liaison psychiatric risk assessment agreed with emergency department risk assessment in all cases that emergency doctors judged to be at low risk of suicide. However in cases that emergency doctors judged to be high risk the liaison assessment agreed in only 38.5% of cases. Emergency doctors appear to be appropriately cautious in their assessment of risk. However, parasuicides regularly go undetected in hospital and are not always referred for psychiatric evaluation when detected. More training in the detection, assessment and management of parasuicide is required for emergency doctors.
Child & adolescent social work journal, Apr 1, 2006
ABSTRACT: In response to multiple problems faced by pregnant and parenting teens, many alternativ... more ABSTRACT: In response to multiple problems faced by pregnant and parenting teens, many alternative school-based comprehensive programs have been established throughout the United States. By collecting data from a sample of enrollees of such a school-based ...
Background Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (BSMM) account for 39.1% of new HIV... more Background Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (BSMM) account for 39.1% of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men and 78.9% of newly diagnosed cases among Black men. Health care access, health care utilisation and disclosing sexuality to providers are important factors in HIV prevention and treatment. This study explored the associations among sexual orientation disclosure, health care access and health care utilisation among BSMM in the Deep South. Methods:Secondary analysis of existing data of a population-based study in Jackson, Mississippi, and Atlanta, Georgia, was conducted among 386 BSMM. Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) between sexual orientation disclosure to healthcare providers, health care access and health care utilisation. Results:The mean (±s.d.) age of participants was 30.5 ± 11.2 years; 35.3% were previously diagnosed with HIV and 3.7% were newly diagnosed with HIV. Two-thirds (67.2%) self-identified a...
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem as a mediator of the effects of ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem as a mediator of the effects of stressors and social resources on mothers' postpartum depressive symptoms. Data were collected during in-home interviews with 738 women 1 to 2 months postpartum. Forty-two percent of the women had high depressive symptoms. Self-esteem mediated the effects of everyday stressors and the quality of primary intimate relationships on depressive symptoms. However, everyday stressors also exhibited direct effects. Mothers with low self-esteem were 39 times more likely to have high depressive symptoms than those with high self-esteem. Interventions to decrease postpartum mothers' chronic stressors and to improve the quality of their primary intimate relationships may enhance their self-esteem, which in turn may decrease the likelihood of high depressive symptoms.
Abstract This lecture followed the AGM of the Faculty of Community Health of the Royal Institute ... more Abstract This lecture followed the AGM of the Faculty of Community Health of the Royal Institute of Public Health & Hygiene and Society of Public Health, 19 October 2000. Public Health (2001) 115, 2–3
... 4, 1995 Family Violence and Depressive Symptomatology Among Incarcerated Women Sandra L. Mart... more ... 4, 1995 Family Violence and Depressive Symptomatology Among Incarcerated Women Sandra L. Martin, 1 Niki U. Cotten, 1 Dorothy C. Browne, 1 Brenda Kurz, 2 and Elizabeth Robertson 3 ... REFERENCES Aber, JL, Allen, JP, Carlson, V., and Cicchetti, D. (1989). ...
This paper describes as a primary prevention strategy, a parent-education program aimed at enhanc... more This paper describes as a primary prevention strategy, a parent-education program aimed at enhancing the parenting skills and knowledge of incarcerated women (the majority of whom were mothers). Data are presented which describe changes in program participants' self-evaluations, parenting attitudes, and expectations of children. Upon completing of the parenting program, few differences were observed for the various pre- and post-test
Objective. Social capital describes the benefits that are derived from personal social relationsh... more Objective. Social capital describes the benefits that are derived from personal social relationships (within families and communities) and social affiliations. This investigation examined the extent to which social capital is associated with positive developmental and behavioral outcomes in high-risk preschool children.Design. A cross-sectional case-control analysis of young children “doing well” and “not doing well” at baseline in four coordinated longitudinal studies.Participants. A total of 667 2- to 5-year-old children (mean age, 4.4 years) and their maternal caregivers who are participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect Consortium. At recruitment, all children were characterized by unfavorable social or economic circumstances that contributed to the identification of the children as high risk.Measures. Social capital was defined as benefits that accrue from social relationships within communities and families. A social capital index was created by assigning one point to each of the following indicators: 1) two parents or parent-figures in the home; 2) social support of the maternal caregiver; 3) no more than two children in the family; 4) neighborhood support; and 5) regular church attendance. Outcomes were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist, a widely used measure of behavioral/emotional problems, and with the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test, a standardized test that identifies developmental deficits. Children were classified as doing well if their scores on these instruments indicated neither behavioral nor developmental problems.Results. Only 13% of the children were classified as doing well. The individual indicators that best discriminated between levels of child functioning were the most direct measures of social capital—church affiliation, perception of personal social support, and support within the neighborhood. The social capital index was strongly associated with child well-being, more so than any single indicator. The presence of any social capital indicator increased the odds of doing well by 29%; adding any two increased the odds of doing well by 66%.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that social capital may have an impact on children's well-being as early as the preschool years. In these years it seems to be the parents' social capital that confers benefits on their offspring, just as children benefit from their parents' financial and human capital. Social capital may be most crucial for families who have fewer financial and educational resources. Our findings suggest that those interested in the healthy development of children, particularly children most at risk for poor developmental outcomes, must search for new and creative ways of supporting interpersonal relationships and strengthening the communities in which families carry out the daily activities of their lives.
Parasuicide is an important predictor of future suicide. We collected information on all parasuic... more Parasuicide is an important predictor of future suicide. We collected information on all parasuicides presenting to the emergency department of a general hospital over a 3-month period. We examined detection rates, referral patterns and compared emergency department risk assessments of parasuicide with those of the psychiatric liaison team. We detected 123 parasuicides. One hundred and five (85.4%) were detected in the emergency department. Ninety-five (77.2%) were referred to the liaison psychiatry service. Liaison psychiatric risk assessment agreed with emergency department risk assessment in all cases that emergency doctors judged to be at low risk of suicide. However in cases that emergency doctors judged to be high risk the liaison assessment agreed in only 38.5% of cases. Emergency doctors appear to be appropriately cautious in their assessment of risk. However, parasuicides regularly go undetected in hospital and are not always referred for psychiatric evaluation when detected. More training in the detection, assessment and management of parasuicide is required for emergency doctors.
Child & adolescent social work journal, Apr 1, 2006
ABSTRACT: In response to multiple problems faced by pregnant and parenting teens, many alternativ... more ABSTRACT: In response to multiple problems faced by pregnant and parenting teens, many alternative school-based comprehensive programs have been established throughout the United States. By collecting data from a sample of enrollees of such a school-based ...
Background Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (BSMM) account for 39.1% of new HIV... more Background Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (BSMM) account for 39.1% of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men and 78.9% of newly diagnosed cases among Black men. Health care access, health care utilisation and disclosing sexuality to providers are important factors in HIV prevention and treatment. This study explored the associations among sexual orientation disclosure, health care access and health care utilisation among BSMM in the Deep South. Methods:Secondary analysis of existing data of a population-based study in Jackson, Mississippi, and Atlanta, Georgia, was conducted among 386 BSMM. Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) between sexual orientation disclosure to healthcare providers, health care access and health care utilisation. Results:The mean (±s.d.) age of participants was 30.5 ± 11.2 years; 35.3% were previously diagnosed with HIV and 3.7% were newly diagnosed with HIV. Two-thirds (67.2%) self-identified a...
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem as a mediator of the effects of ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem as a mediator of the effects of stressors and social resources on mothers' postpartum depressive symptoms. Data were collected during in-home interviews with 738 women 1 to 2 months postpartum. Forty-two percent of the women had high depressive symptoms. Self-esteem mediated the effects of everyday stressors and the quality of primary intimate relationships on depressive symptoms. However, everyday stressors also exhibited direct effects. Mothers with low self-esteem were 39 times more likely to have high depressive symptoms than those with high self-esteem. Interventions to decrease postpartum mothers' chronic stressors and to improve the quality of their primary intimate relationships may enhance their self-esteem, which in turn may decrease the likelihood of high depressive symptoms.
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Papers by Dorothy Browne