Mababu wa jangwani

Mababu wa jangwani walikuwa wamonaki ambao kuanzia karne III, dhuluma za serikali dhidi ya Wakristo zilipopungua, lakini zaidi karne IV, baada ya Konstantino Mkuu kuruhusu Ukristo katika Dola la Roma, walihama miji na vijiji wakaishi upkeweni kwenye majangwa ya Misri, Palestina na Syria.

Kati yao Antoni Mkuu anahesabiwa kuwa wa kwanza; walau ndiye aliyevutia wengi zaidi kufuata mtindo huo wa utawa.

Mbali ya wanaume (abba) kulikuwa pia na wanawake (amma).

Lengo lao lilikuwa kuishi kwa juhudi baada ya mwisho wa dhuluma za serikali dhidi ya Kanisa. Hivyo walishika nafasi ya heshima na baada ya kufa walitazamwa kama watakatifu karibu na wafiadini.

Tazama pia

Misemo yao

Misemo yao (Apoftegmata) ilikusanywa taratibu ili kudumisha hekima yao nyofu. Kuna pia tafsiri ya Kiswahili:

Misemo ya Mababa wa Jangwani (Apophthegmata Patrum) – tafsiri ya W. Ngowi, O.F.M.Cap. – ed. Salvatorianum – Morogoro 2000 –ISBN 0-264-66350-0

Marejeo mengine ya Kiswahili

S.J.RUPYA, Makahaba wa jangwani, BPNP 1996, isbn 9976634765.

Marejeo kwa lugha nyingine

Angold, Michael (2006). Eastern Christianity. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-81113-9.
Benedetto, Robert (2008). The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History, Volume One: The Early, Medieval, and Reformation Eras. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0-664-22416-4.
Burton-Christie, Douglas (1993). The Word in the desert: scripture and the quest for holiness in early Christian monasticism. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508333-4.
Chryssavgis, John; Ware, Kallistos; Ward, Benedicta (2008). In the Heart of the Desert: Revised Edition: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers (Treasures of the World's Religions). Bloomington, Ind.: World Wisdom. ISBN 1-933316-56-X.
Daly, M. W.; Petry, Carl F. (1998). The Cambridge history of Egypt. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
Egan, Harvey D. (1991). An Anthology of Christian mysticism. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-6012-6.
Harmless, William (2000). "Remembering Poemen Remembering: The Desert Fathers and the Spirituality of Memory". Church History. 15. American Society of Church History. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-05-18. Iliwekwa mnamo 2017-03-11. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Harmless, William (2004). Desert Christians: an introduction to the literature of early monasticism. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516222-6.
Dale T. Irvin; Sundquist, Scott W. (2001). History of the world Christian movement. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. ISBN 0-567-08866-9.
Keller, David Neal (2005). Oasis of wisdom: the worlds of the desert fathers and mothers. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-3034-0.
McGinn, Bernard (2006). The essential writings of Christian mysticism. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0-8129-7421-2.
Merton, Thomas (1970). Wisdom of the Desert. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation. ISBN 0-8112-0102-3.
Meyendorff, John (1974). St. Gregory Palamas and orthodox spirituality. [Crestwood, N.Y.]: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 0-913836-11-7.
Nes, Solrunn (2007). The uncreated light: an iconographical study of the transfiguration in the Eastern Church. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-521-81113-9.
Parry, Ken (1999). The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23203-6.
Riddle, John M. (2008). A History of the Middle Ages, 300–1500. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-7425-5409-0.
Waddell, Helen (1957). The Desert Fathers. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-06008-2.
Ward, Benedicta (1975). The sayings of the Desert Fathers: the alphabetical collection, Part 1. Mowbrays.
Ware, Kallistos (2000). The Inner Kingdom. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 0-88141-209-0.

Viungo vya nje

monachos.net Archived 30 Desemba 2010 at the Wayback Machine.