Tazama chanzo cha Panama

{{Infobox country
|native_name              = ''República de Panamá''
|conventional_long_name   = Jamhuri ya Panama
|common_name              = Panama
|image_flag               = Flag of Panama.svg
|image_coat               = Coat of arms of Panama.svg
|image_map                = LocationPanama.png
|national_motto           = [[Latin]]: ''Pro Mundi Beneficio''<br />''([[Kilatini]]: Kwa salama ya dunia)''
|national_anthem          = ''[[Himno Istmeño]] <br /> (Wimbo la shingo la nchi)''
|official_languages       = [[Kihispania]] (rasmi), [[Kiingereza]] na lugha za kieneyeji kwenye pwani la [[Karibi]]
|capital                  = [[Panama City|Panama]]
|latd=8 |latm=58 |latNS=N |longd=79 |longm=32 |longEW=W
|largest_city             = Panama
|government_type          = <small>demokrasia</small>
|leader_titles            = [[Rais wa Panama|Rais]]
|leader_names             = [[José Raúl Mulino]]  
|area_rank                = ya 118
|area_magnitude           = 1 E8
|area                     = 75,517 <!--UN data-->
|areami²                  = 29,157 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water            = 2.9
|population_estimate      = 3,377,768 <!--UN WPP-->
|population_estimate_rank = ya 133
|population_estimate_year = 2022
|population_census        = 4,064,780
|population_census_year   = 2023
|population_density       = 53.9
|population_densitymi²    = 140.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank  = ya 127
|GDP_PPP                  = $190  billioni
|GDP_PPP_rank             = ya 105
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2023
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $42,738
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = 
|sovereignty_type         = [[Uhuru]]
|established_events       = kutoka [[Hispania]] <br /> [[Kolombia]]
|established_dates        = <br /> [[28 Novemba]] [[1821]] <br /> [[3 Novemba]] [[1903]]
|HDI                      = 0.804
|HDI_rank                 = ya 56
|HDI_year                 = 2003
|HDI_category             = <font color="#009900">high</font>
|currency                 = [[Balboa (pesa)|Balboa]]
|currency_code            = PAB
|country_code             =
|time_zone                =
|utc_offset               = -5
|time_zone_DST            =
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|cctld                    = [[.pa]]
|calling_code             = 507
}}
[[Picha:Panama map.png|thumb|left|300px|Ramani ya Panama]]
'''Panama''' ni nchi ya mwisho [[kusini]] mwa [[Amerika ya Kati]]. [[Shingo ya nchi]] ya Panama hutazamwa kuwa [[mpaka]] kati ya [[bara]] la [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] na lile la [[Amerika ya Kusini]].

Imepakana na [[Kosta Rika]] na [[Kolombia]]; pwani ya [[Bahari ya Karibi]] iko upande wa [[kaskazini]] na pwani ya [[Pasifiki]] upande wa kusini.

Nchi iko kwenye sehemu nyembamba kabisa ya Amerika ya Kati. 

[[Mfereji wa Panama]] hukata shingo la nchi na kufanya jina la Panama kujulikana kote duniani.

== Historia ==
Baada ya [[ukoloni]] wa [[Hispania]] Panama ilikuwa sehemu ya kaskazini ya [[Kolombia]]. Majaribio mbalimbali ya [[uasi]] dhidi ya Kolombia kwa [[shabaha]] ya kuwa nchi ya pekee katika [[karne ya 19]] hayakufaulu.

Ma[[badiliko]] makubwa yalikuja na [[ujenzi]] wa mfereji wa Panama. 

Utangulizi wake ulikuwa [[reli]] kutoka [[Colon]] upande wa Karibi kwenda [[Panama City|mji wa Panama]] upande wa Pasifiki iliyojengwa mwaka [[1855]]. Reli hii ilirahisisha [[safari]] kati ya Atlantiki na Pasifiki kwa watu na [[bidhaa]] kuelekea [[Kalifornia]]. Watu wengi walikwenda Kalifornia miaka ile kwa sababu ya [[dhahabu]] iliyopatikana kule tangu mwaka [[1848]] na hapakuwa na reli kati ya pwani zote mbili za [[Marekani]] wakati ule.
[[Picha:Colon Panama.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Colon, Panama.]]
Wakati wa mwisho wa karne ya 19 Marekani ilianza kujenga [[mfereji]] kati ya [[bahari]] mbili wa kukata shingo la nchi. [[Serikali]] ya Marekani iliona umuhimu wa kutawala njia hii. Ikasaidia Wapanama waliotaka kujitenga na Kolombia kwa kutuma [[manowari]] Colon iliyozuia [[jitihada]] za Kolombia za kukandamiza [[ghasia]] hiyo. 

Tarehe [[3 Novemba]] [[1903]] Panama ilitangaza [[uhuru]] wake na kufanya [[mkataba]] na Marekani. Panama ilikodisha mlia wa nchi kwa pande zote mbili za mfereji kwa Marekani; Marekani iliahidi kutunza uhuru wa Panama.

Hali halisi ukanda wa mfereji ilikuwa eneo la Kimarekani hadi [[31 Desemba]] [[1999]] iliporudishwa kwa serikali ya Panama.

==Watu==
Wakazi walio wengi (70%) ni ma[[chotara]] [[Waindio]]-[[Wazungu]], 14% wana asili ya [[Afrika]] au ni machotara wa Kiafrika, 10% ni Wazungu na 6% Waindio.

[[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kihispania]].

Upande wa [[dini]], 65-75% ni [[Wakatoliki]] na 15-25% [[Waprotestanti]]. Nje ya [[Ukristo]], dini kubwa zaidi ni ile ya [[Bahai]] (2%).

==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Marejeo==
* Buckley, Kevin, ''Panama'', Touchstone, 1992. ISBN 0-671-77876-5
* Diaz Espino, Ovidio, ''How Wall Street Created a Nation'', Four Walls Eight Windows, 2001. ISBN 1-56858-196-3
* Harding, Robert C., ''The History of Panama'', Greenwood Publishing, 2006.
* Harding, Robert C., ''Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics'', Transaction Publishers, 2001. ISBN 0-393-02696-5
* Joster, R.M. and Sanchez, Guillermo, ''In the Time of the Tyrants, Panama: 1968–1990'', W.W. Norton & Company, 1990.
* Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1-56328-155-4. OCLC 42970390.
* Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971). The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
* Porras, Ana Elena, ''Cultura de la Interoceanidad: Narrativas de Identidad Nacional de Panama (1990–2002)'', Editorial Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, 2005. ISBN 9962-53-131-4
* Serrano, Damaris, ''La Nación Panamena en sus Espacios: Cultura Popular, Resistencia y Globalización'', Editorial Mariano Arosemena, 2005. ISBN 9962-659-01-9
* Villarreal, Melquiades, ''Esperanza o Realidad: Fronteras de la Identidad Panamena'', Editorial Mariano Arosemena, 2004. ISBN 9962-601-80-0
* Weeks, John and Gunson, Phil, ''Panama. Made in the USA'', 1992. ISBN 978-0-906156-55-1

== Viungo vya ndani ==
* [[:en:List of radio stations in Panama|Orodha ya vituo vya matangazo (redio) vya Panama (kwa Kiingereza)]]

==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.presidencia.gob.pa Government of Panama]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Central_America/Panama}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/panama.htm Panama] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/panama.htm |date=20090125100526 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{CIA World Factbook link|pm|Panama}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1229332.stm Panama] from the [[BBC News]]
* {{Wikiatlas|Panama}}* [http://www.coolpanama.com/index1.html CoolPanama] Panama Portal (kwa Kiingereza)

{{Amerika Kaskazini}}
{{Mbegu-jio-AmerikaKati}}

[[Jamii:Panama| ]]