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Maleme a Afrika Borwa

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox country languagesMaleme a Afrika BorwaTemplate:Bar box Bonnyane bja masome tharo hlano a maleme ao a lego a setlogo a Afrika Borwa a bolelwa ka repabliking, a masome ke oa a lego maleme a semmušo a Afrika Borwa: Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venḓa, Sexhosa, Sezulu le Seafrikanse. Leleme la lesome tee ke Seisimane, leo e lego leleme la pele leo le šomišiwago ka palamenteng le dipolelong tša semmušo, maleme ka moka a semmušo a lekana pele ga molao, ebile maleme ao a sego a semmušo a bolokegilwe ka tlase ga molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa, le ge a ma nnyane a ngwadilwe ka maina. Leleme ya maswao la Afrika Borwa le na le tumelelo ya molao le ge e se lemele la semmušo, le ge go bile le lesolo le kgothaletšo ya palamente gore e be leleme la semmušo.

Maleme ao a sego a semmušo le ao a ma nnyane a kenyeletša le ao a tšewago a le maleme a pele a setšhaba sa Afrika Borwa: Khoekhoegowab ,! Orakobab, Xirikobab, N | uuki ,! Xunthali, le Khwedam ; le maleme a mangwe a se Afrika, bjalo ka SiPhuthi, IsiHlubi, SiBhaca, SiLala, SiNhlangwini ( "IsiZansi"), SiNrebele (SiSumayela), IsiMpondo / IsiMpondro, KheLobedu, SePulana, HiPai, SeKutswe, SeṰokwa, SeHananwa, SiThonga, SiLaNgomane, SheKgalagari, XiRhonga le a mangwe. Ma-Afrika Borwa a mantšhi a kgona go bolela maleme a go feta le le tee, ebile gantšhi go na le phapanyo ya perekišo ya dibopego t aleleme la semmušo le le le sego la semmušo bakeng sa baboledi ba lemele leo le sego la semmušo.

Dipalo tša maleme le baboledi ba tšona

Leleme leo le tlwaelegileng leo le bolelwago e le lemele la pele ka ma Afrika Borwa ke Se-Zulu (23 peresente), gwa latela Se-Xhosa (16 peresente), le Se-Afrikaans (14 peresente). Seisimane ke leleme la bone la go tlwaelega e le leleme la pele mo nageng (9.6%), eupša e kwišišwa dinaga ditoropong tše dintšhi ebile ke yona leleme leo le šomišwago kudu mmušong le merekong ya ditaba.

Bogolo bja batho ba Afrika Borwa ba bolela leleme la go tšwa ga le le tee lekala, go a mabedi, la maleme a pele a Bantu ao a emetšwego ka Afrika Borwa: lekala la Sotho-Tswana (yeo e kenyeletšago maleme a semmušo a lego Sesostho sa Borwa, Sesotho sa Leboa le Setswana), goba lekala la Nguni (yeo e kenyeletšago maleme a semmušo a lego Zulu, Xhosa, Swati le Ndebele). Baboledi ba leleme leo le lego ka gare ga e ngwe ya dihlopha tše tše pedi ba kgona bolela maleme ao a mangwe a lego ka gare ga sehlopha seo.

Maleme a setlogo a Afrika ao a lego a Afrika Borwa ao a lego a semmušo, ebile a bolelwa kudu, a ka aroganywa go dihlopha tše pedi tša madulo, maleme a Nguni e le ona a bolelwago ka kudu, bontšhi ka borwa-botlabela bja naga (lebopong la Lewatleng la India) le maleme a Sotho-Tswana a bolediwa kudu ka lebowa la naga kgojana kua nageng, bjalo ka Botswana le Lesotho. Gauteng ke porofense yeo e na le go le maleme a mantšhi a go tšwa go ditšo tša go fapana fapana, e na le dinomoro tša go nyaka go lekana tša diboledi tša Nguni, Sotho-Tswana le Indo-European, le hlohleletšo ya Khoekhoe. Se se dirile gore go be phatlalatšo ya lemele la toropong leo le sego la semmušo, Tsotsitaal goba S'Camtho/Ringas, dinaga toropong tše dikgolo ka mo porofenseng, yeo e phatlaletšego naga ka moka.

Tsotsitaal ka sebopego sa yona e le “Flaaitaal” e tšwa go leleme la se-Afrikaans, leleme la gotšwa ga se-Dutch, e lego leleme la go bolediwa kudu ka bodikela bja naga (Bodikela le Northern Cape ). 61 lekgolong ya batho ba bašweu le 76 lekgolong ya ma-Coloured ba e bolela bjalo ka leleme la pele. Lentšu le la morafo, ka bontšhi, le tšeyiwa gora “merafo e mentši”, ka ge le emela dihlopha tša Creole, eupša bontšhi bja bona ba na le bohwa bja bo-Khoekhoe, ebile bontšhi (kudu Mamoseleme a Cape) le bona ke ditlogolo tša dihlopha tša makgoba tšeo di tlišitšwego ke Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie(VOC) go tšwa mafelong a go hwetša makgoba kua bodikela le bohlabela bja Afrika, le go tšwa dikoloning tša tsela ya kgwebo tša yona tša lewatleng la India.

Mathopša a dipolotiki a go tšwa koloning ya VOC ya Batavia le bona ba tlišitšwe Cape, ebile tše di hlomile hlohleletšo e kgolo ya go hloma se-Afrikaans, kudu hlohleletšo ya Malay, le dikgatišo tša yona tša Jawi tša pele. Mothomi wa tše ne e le mothei wa Bomoseleme ka Cape, Sheikh Abadin Tadia Tjoessoep (a tsebiwago e le Sheikh Yusuf). Hajji Yusuf e be e le lešika la bogoši le le kaone, e le motlogolo wa Sultan Alauddin wa Gowa, yeo lehono e le go Makassar, Nusantara. Yusuf, ga mmogo le balatedi ba 49 go akaretša le basadi ba babedi, basadi ba babedi ba direthe, le bana ba 12, ba amogetšwe ka Cape ka di 2 tša Moranang 1694 ke mmušiši wa Simon van der Stel. Be ba dudišišwe polaseng ya Zandvliet, ka ntle ga Cape Town, ka maiteko a go fokotša hlohleletšo ya gagwe go makgoba ya VOC. Leano leo le paletšwe, madulo a Yusuf (a bitšwago Macassar) a ile a ba madulo a šireletšo go makgoba a mantšhi ebile gwa ba go hlomilwe Setšhaba sa Bomoseleme ka Afrika Borwa sa mathomo. Go tloga mo, melaetša ya Bomoseleme e ile ya phatlalatšwa go setšhaba sa makgoba sa Cape Town, ebile badudi ba be bale bohlokwa go hlomeng gwa se-Afrikaans. Ela hloko ka ge ma Cape Muslim e le bona ba go bula madibogo dipuku tša mathomo tša se-Afrikaans, di ngwadilwego ka Searaba sa se-Afrikaans, yeo e tšeilwego go mongwalo wa Jawi, go dirišwa dihlaka tša Searaba go emela tša se-Afrikaans go dilo tša bodumedi le tša tšatši ka tšatši. Se-Afrikaans sona, se tšwa go mehuta ya leleme la se-Dutch leo le bolelwago ke setšhaba sa Khoekhoe sa ǁHuiǃgaeb (leina la Khoekhoe ka tikologong ya Cape Town), bjalo ka leleme la go rekiša pele le ka nako ya pele ya taolo ya VOC. Ge ma-Khoekhoe a mantšhi a hlasela ke leuba la sekononyane, ge ba bangwe ba fentšwe e le makgoba ya Boer beng ba naga bao ba tsentšwego ke VOC, se-Afrikaans se tšeetše maleme ya Khoekhoe legato bjalo ka leleme lago bolelwa kudu ka Cape. E bile leleme la naga la go aroganya la batho ba Griqua (Xiri goba Griekwa), yeo be ele ya sehlopha sa Khoekhoe.

Se-Afrikaans se bolelwa bohare le leboa bja naga, bjalo ka leleme la bobedi (goba la boraro goba la bone) ke batho ba Afrika Borwa ba baso (yeo, ka Afrika Borwa, e ra gore badudi ba go bolela SiNtu) bao ba dulago dipolaseng.

Taelo ya go balwa ga batho ya 2011 e begile dilo tše di latelago ka phahlalatšo ya baboledi tša maleme a pele:

Leleme L1 Baboledi
Seisimane Maleme Palo Badudi
Sezulu Se-Zulu 11,587,374 22.7%
Sexhosa Se-Xhosa 8,154,258 16.0%
Seafrikaanse Se-Afrikaanse 6,855,082 13.5%
Seisimane Seisimane 4,892,623 9.6%
Sesotho sa Leboa Sesotho sa Leboa 4,618,576 9.1%
Tswana Setswana 4,067,248 8.0%
Sesotho Sesotho 3,849,563 7.6%
Tsonga Se-Tsonga 2,277,148 4,5%
Swati Se-Swati 1,297,046 2,5%
Venda Se-Venḓa 1,209,388 2,4%
Ndebele Se-Ndebele 1,090,223 2.1%
Leleme la maswao la SA 234,655 0.5%
Maleme a mangwe 828,258 1,6%
Palo-moka 50,961,443 100.0%
Leleme 2011 2001 Phetogo
Se-Zulu 22.7% 23,8% -1.1%
Se-Xhosa 16.0% 17.6% -1.6%
Se-Afrikaanse 13.5% 13.3% +0.2%
Seisimane 9.6% 8.2% +1.4%
Sesotho sa Leboa 9.1% 9.4% -0.3%
Se-Tswana 8.0% 8.2% -0.2%
Sesotho 7.6% 7.9% -0.3%
Se-Tsonga 4,5% 4,4% +0.1%
Se-Swati 2,5% 2,7% -0.2%
Se-Venda 2,4% 2.3% +0.1%
Se-Ndebele 2.1% 1,6% +0.5%
Leleme la maswao la SA 0.5%
Maleme a mangwe 1,6% 0.5% +1.1%
Palo-moka 100.0% 100.0%
Trilingual government building sign in Afrikaans, English, and Xhosa

Maleme a mangwe a bohlokwa a Afrika Boroa

Maleme a mangwe a bolelwago ka Afrika Borwa ao a sa bolelwago ka gare ga molaotheo, a akaretša ao a šetše a boletšwe ka godimo, bjalo ka KheLobedu, SiNrebele, SiPhuthi, ga mmogo le maleme ao a hlakanego bjalo ka Fanakalo (leleme la pidgin leo le šomišwago bjalo ka leleme leo le hlakanego ka intasteri ya tša meepo), le Tsotsitaal goba S'Camtho, leleme leo le kgweditšego šomišo ka bophara bjalo ka leleme leo e sego la semmušo.

Maleme a mantšhi, ao a sego a semmušo be a bitšiwa mebolelo ya maleme a semmušo, yeo ka bogolo e latela ditiro tša Khethollo tša Bantustans, mo e le gorego badudi ba bannyane be ba kwišišwa go yela ethnos ya semmušo ya Bantustan goba "Nageng".

Palo e kgolo ya bafaladi ba go tšwa Yuropa, go gongwe ka Afrika, le kontinente ye e nyenyane ya India (kgolo-golo ka lebaka la tumelelano ya tshepedišo ya ma-India ya Brithania) e bolela gore maleme ao a fapaneng a ka kwetšagala dikarolong tše dingwe tša Afrika Borwa. Ka baagi ba kgale ba bafaldi go na le: Segerike, Segujarati, Hindi, Sepotoketsi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, SeYiddish, Setaliana le dinomoro tše nyenyane tša baboledi ba se-Dutch, Sefora le Jeremane.

Maleme ao a sego a semmušo a ka šomišwa bjalo ka maleme a semmušo moo go rerilweng gore maleme ao a atile. Gabohlokwa le go feta, maleme a a na le mešomo ya bohlokwa go ditšhabeng tše dingwe go bao boitsibi ba bona bo amanang kudu le leleme leo le boitsibi bja sešo se sa maleme a a SA a sego a semmušo.

Leleme leo le golang ka kudu leo e seng leleme la semmušo ke Sepotokisi[1] - la pele e bolela ke bafaladi ba go tšwa Portugal, kudu-kudu Madeira[2] gomme kamorago ke batho ba baso le ba bašweu le bafaladi ba go tšwa Angola le Mozambique ka morago gage ba thopile tokologo go tšwa go Portugal ebile bjale ke bafaladi ba morago-bjale ba go tšwa nageng tšeo - gape lego oketšega kudu Sefora, yeo e bolelwago ke bafaladi ba go tšwa Sefora Afrika Bogare .

Monna a bolela Seafrikanse

Morago-bjale, baboledi ba maleme a Leboa, Bogareng le Bodikela bja Afrika ba fihlile Afrika Borwa, gagolo ditoropong tše kgolo, kudu Johannesburg le Pretoria, eupša le Cape Town le Durban.

Angloromani e bolelwa ke Baroma ba Afrika Borwa.[3]

Ditokišetšo tša Molaotheo

Kgaolo ya 1 (Ditokištšo tša Motheo), Karolo ya 6 (Maleme) ya Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa ke motheo wa mmušo wa molao wa maleme.

Mengwalo ya Seisimane ya molao-motheo o o saenileng ke mopresidente Nelson Mandela ka la 16 Manthole 1996 e šomiša (kudu) maina a maleme ao a bontšhitšwego go maleme ao ka bo ona. Sesotho e ra Sotho sa Borwa, gomme IsiNdebele e ra Ndebele sa Borwa. Ngangišano e aparetše go bitšwa ga Northern Sotho joalo ka Sepedi (mobolelo wa yona o mo golo) bakeng sa yeo e kwešišegago Sesotho sa Leboa (yeo be e bitšiwa ka yona ka Molaotheong wa Nakwana wa 1993).[4] Mopeleto wa Venda le wona o fošagetše, o fetoletšwe go Tshivenda bakeng sa Tshivenḓa yeo e nepagetšego.  

Molaotheo o bolela ka "leleme la maswao" ka kakaretšo go na le Leleme la Maswao la Afrika Borwa.

  1. Maleme a semmušo a Repabliki ye ke Pedi, Sotho, Tswana, Swati, Venḓa, Tsonga, Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Xhosa le Zulu.
  2. Go lemoga ka mokgwa wo maleme a batho ba rena a setlogo be a nyenyefatšiwa le go šomišwa ka gona, mmušo o swanetše go tšea mekgwa e nepagetšego go phagamiša boemo le go tšwetša pele šomišo ya maleme a.
  3. (a) Mmušo wa setšhaba le mmušo wa diporofense o ka šomiša leleme le lengwe le le lengwe la semmušo go merero ya semmušo, go hlahlobišišwa šomišo, go kgonega, go bitša, maemo a tikologo le teka-tekanyo ya dinyakwa le dikgetho tša setšhaba ka moka goba ka porofenseng yeo; eupša mmušo wa setšhaba le mebušo ya diporofense e swanetše go šomiša bonyenyane bja maleme a mabedi a semmušo. (b) Bo-mmasepala ba swanetše go hlahlobišiša šomišo ya leleme le dinyakwa tša badudi ba bona.
  4. Mmušo wa setšhaba le mmušo wa diporofense, ka mogato wa mmušo le megato e mengwe, e swanetše go laola le go hlokomela šomišo ya bona ya maleme a semmušo. Ka ntle le go nyenyefatša ditokišetšo tša karolo ya (2), maleme a semmušo ka moka a swanetše go thabela tekano ya hlompho ebile a swanetše go swarwa go lekana.
  5. Pan South African Language Board yeo e hlomilwego ke molao wa naga e swanetše go (a) kgothaletša, le go hlama maemo a, hlabologo le šomišo ya - (i) maleme ka moka a semmušo (ii) maleme a Khoi, Nama le San; le go (b) kgothaletša le go kgonthišiša hlompho ya - (i) maleme ka moka a šomišwago kudu ke ditšhaba ka Afrika Borwa, go akaretša le Sejeremane, Segerika, Segujarati, se-Hindi, Sepotokisi, Setelugu, Setamil le se-Urdu; le (ii) Searaba, Seheberu, se-Sanskrit le maleme a mangwe a šomišwago go merero ya bodumedi ka Afrika Borwa. -- Molaotheo wa replabliki ya Afrika Borwa[5]

Mohlala wa temana

Se se latelang se tšwa go matseno ya Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa:

English Afrikaans isiNdebele isiXhosa isiZulu isiSwati Sepedi Sesotho Setswana Tshivenda Xitsonga
Preamble Aanhef Isendlalelo Intshayelelo Isendlalelo Sendlalelo Ketapele Ketapele Pulamadibogo Mvulatswinga Manghenelo
We, the people of South Africa, Ons, die mense van Suid-Afrika, Thina, abantu beSewula Afrika, Thina, bantu baseMzantsi-Afrika, Thina, bantu baseNingizimu Afrika, Tsine, bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika, Rena, batho ba Afrika Borwa, Rona, batho ba Afrika Borwa, Rona, batho ba Aforika Borwa, Riṋe, vhathu vha Afrika Tshipembe, Hina, vanhu va Afrika Dzonga,
Recognise the injustices of our past; Erken die ongeregtighede van ons verlede; Siyakwazi ukungakaphatheki kwethu ngokomthetho kwesikhathi sakade; Siyaziqonda iintswela-bulungisa zexesha elidlulileyo; Siyazamukela izenzo ezingalungile zesikhathi esadlula; Siyakubona kungabi khona kwebulungiswa esikhatsini lesengcile; Re lemoga ditlhokatoka tša rena tša bogologolo; Re elellwa ho ba le leeme ha rona nakong e fetileng; Re itse ditshiamololo tsa rona tse di fetileng; Ri dzhiela nṱha u shaea ha vhulamukanyi kha tshifhinga tsho fhelaho; Hi lemuka ku pfumaleka ka vululami ka nkarhi lowu nga hundza;
Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in our land; Huldig diegene wat vir geregtigheid en vryheid in ons land gely het; Sihlonipha labo abatlhoriswako ngerhuluphelo lokobana kube khona ubulungiswa netjhaphuluko enarheni yekhethu; Sibothulel’ umnqwazi abo baye bev’ ubunzima ukuze kubekho ubulungisa nenkululeko elizweni lethu; Siphakamisa labo abahluphekela ubulungiswa nenkululeko emhlabeni wethu; Setfulela sigcoko labo labahlushwa kuze sitfole bulungiswa nenkhululeko eveni lakitsi; Re tlotla bao ba ilego ba hlokofaletšwa toka le tokologo nageng ya gaborena; Re tlotla ba hlokofaditsweng ka lebaka la toka le tokoloho naheng ya rona; Re tlotla ba ba bogileng ka ntlha ya tshiamo le kgololosego mo lefatsheng la rona; Ri ṱhonifha havho vhe vha tambulela vhulamukanyi na mbofholowo kha shango ḽashu; Hi xixima lava xanisekeke hikwalaho ko hisekela vululami na ntshunxeko etikweni ra hina;
Respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; and Respekteer diegene wat hul beywer het om ons land op te bou en te ontwikkel; en Sihlonipha labo abasebenzileko ekwakhiweni nekuthuthukisweni kwephasi lekhethu; begodu Siyabahlonela abo baye basebenzela ukwakha nokuphucula ilizwe lethu; kwaye Sihlonipha labo abasebenzele ukwakha nokuthuthukisa izwe lethu; futhi Sihlonipha labo labaye basebentela kwakha nekutfutfukisa live lakitsi; futsi Re hlompha bao ba ilego ba katanela go aga le go hlabolla naga ya gaborena; mme Re tlotla ba ileng ba sebeletsa ho aha le ho ntshetsa pele naha ya rona; mme Re tlotla ba ba diretseng go aga le go tlhabolola naga ya rona; mme Ri ṱhonifha havho vhe vha shuma vha tshi itela u fhaṱa na u bveledzisa shango ḽashu; na Hi hlonipha lava tirheke ku aka no hluvukisa tiko ra hina; no
Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity. Glo dat Suid-Afrika behoort aan almal wat daarin woon, verenig in ons verskeidenheid. Sikholwa bonyana iSewula Afrika ingeyabo boke abandzindze kiyo, sibambisane ngokwahlukahlukana kwethu. Sikholelwa kwelokuba uMzantsi-Afrika ngowabo bonke abahlala kuwo, bemanyene nangona bengafani. Sikholelwa ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ingeyabo bonke abahlala kuyo, sibumbene nakuba singafani. Sikholelwa ekutseni iNingizimu Afrika yabo bonkhe labahlala kuyo, sihlangene ngekwehlukahlukana kwetfu; Re dumela gore Afrika-Borwa ke ya batho bohle ba ba dulago go yona, re le ngata e tee e nago le pharologano Re dumela hore Afrika Borwa ke naha ya bohle ba phelang ho yona, re kopane le ha re fapane. Re dumela fa Aforika Borwa e le ya botlhe ba ba tshelang mo go yona, re le ngata e le nngwe ka go farologana U tenda uri Afrika Tshipembe ndi ḽa vhoṱhe vhane vha dzula khaḽo, vho vhofhekanywaho vha vha huthihi naho vha sa fani. Tshembha leswaku Afrika Dzonga i ya vanhu hinkwavo lava tshamaka eka rona, hi hlanganile hi ku hambana-hambana ka hina.

Bona le

  • Ditirelo tša Maleme a semmušo
  • Maina a semmušo a Afrika Borwa
  • Khomišene ya Tšwetšo pele le Tšhireletšo ya Ditokelo tša Batho ba Setšo, Bodumedi le Ditšhaba tša Maleme

Ditšhupetšo

1. "Africa :: SOUTH AFRICA". CIA The World Factbook

2. "South Africa could make signing official language". bbc.com. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2019.

3. Alexander, Mary (6 March 2018). "The 11 languages of South Africa - South Africa Gateway". South Africa Gateway. Retrieved 12 March 2018.

4. The Economist, "Tongues under threat", 22 January 2011, p. 58.

5. Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. pp. 23–25. ISBN 9780621413885.

6. "A Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, com Jorge Couto" [The Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, with Jorge Couto] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 June 2015.

7. "Portuguese Migration to, And Settlement in South Africa: 1510-2013" (PDF). SSIIM (UNESCO Chair on the Social and Spatial Inclusion of International Migrants – Urban Policies and Practices). 10 May 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2018.

8. "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993". www.gov.za. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

9. "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". www.gov.za. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

Dikgokaganyo tša kantle

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