Tangšanski zemljotres 1976.
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Datum | A: 1976-07-27 19:42:55; B: 1976-07-28 10:45:36 |
---|---|
Magnituda | A: MW = 7,6; MS = 7,6[1] B: MW = 7,0; MS = 7,4[2] |
Dubina | A: 12.2 km[1] B: 16.7 km[2] |
Epicentar | 39°38′ SGŠ; 118°06′ IGD / 39.63° SGŠ; 118.10° IGD 39°43′ SGŠ; 118°26′ IGD / 39.72° SGŠ; 118.44° IGD |
Tip | doublet |
Pogođena područja | Hebej provincija, Narodna Republika Kina |
Ukupna šteta | 10 milijardi kineskih ženminbi |
Maks. intenzitet | XI (ekstrem) |
Žrtve | 242.419[3] |
Tangšanski zemljotres 1976, takođe poznat kao Veliki tangšanski zemljotres (кин: 唐山大地震; пин: Tángshān dà dìzhèn),[4] bila je prirodna katastrofa usled zemljotresa od MW = 7,6 koji je 28. jula 1976. u 3:42 ujutro pogodio region oko Tangšana, u provinciji Hebej, u Narodnoj Republici Kini. Za nekoliko minuta grad Tangšan, industrijski grad sa oko milion stanovnika, prestao je da postoji. Osamdeset pet posto zgrada u gradu srušilo se ili je bilo neupotrebljivo, sve službe su propale, a većina drumskih i željezničkih mostova srušila se ili bila ozbiljno oštećena.[5] Najmanje 242.000 ljudi je umrlo (neki tvrde da je bilo tri puta više žrtvi), čineći ovo trećim (ili eventualno drugim) najsmrtonosnijim zemljotresom u zabeleženoj istoriji nakon zemljotresa u Šensiju 1556. godine, koji je i dalje najsmrtonosniji zemljotres u istoriji.[6]
Tangšanska katastrofa je bila najistaknutija od nekoliko 1976. godine, što bi u kineskoj tradiciji moglo da signalizira da je vlada izgubila politički legitimitet.[7] Zemljotres u Tangšanu takođe se javio bez upozorenja, podrivajući ključni stav maoističke ideologije, da se zemljotresi mogu predvideti.[8] Uprkos tome, odgovor vlade pokazao je da je spremna i kompetentna za brzo pružanje pomoći.[9]
Reference
[уреди | уреди извор]- ^ а б ISC-EHB Event 711732 [IRIS]
- ^ а б ISC-EHB Event 711773 [IRIS]
- ^ Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017; Chen et al. 1988
- ^ So-called by numerous sources, of which the voluminous work edited by Housner & He (2002) is the most notable.
- ^ Housner & He 2002, Prologue
- ^ See the #Death toll section for the various fatality figures.
- ^ Yeoh 2010, стр. 273; Press et al. 1975, стр. 879. Yeoh called the Tangshan earthquake "[p]robably one of the deadliest wraths of nature in modern times".
- ^ Cha 1976, стр. 7
- ^ Raleigh et al. 1977, стр. 259
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Spoljašnje veze
[уреди | уреди извор]- "Integration of Public Administration and Earthquake Science: The Best Practice Case of Qinglong County" at GlobalWatch.org
- An isoseismal map (showing the different zones of shaking intensity) of the Tangshan earthquake Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (28. новембар 2020)
- Report on The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: English translation of an extensive Chinese report from 1986.
- Knotts, Joey (5. 12. 2019). „Beijing Tremors a Ghostly Reminder of Catastrophic 1976 Tangshan Quake”. The Beijinger.